Introduction of capacitor

A capacitor is a simple passive device that can store charge on its board when connected to a voltage source

A capacitor is a component that stores energy in the form of "charge", just like a small rechargeable battery, which generates a potential difference (static voltage) on its plates. There are many types of capacitor, but they all do the same thing-store charge.

Its basic form is composed of two or more parallel conductive (metal) plates. These plates are not connected or in contact with each other, but pass through air or some good insulating material (such as waxed paper, mica, ceramic, plastic or some Kind of liquid gel), used in electrolytic capacitor. The insulating layer between the capacitor plates is called the dielectric layer.

Due to the insulating layer, direct current cannot flow, because it will block the capacitor and cause the voltage to appear on the plate in the form of electric charge.

The conductive metal plate of the capacitor can be square, round or rectangular, or cylindrical or spherical, and its shape, size and structure of the parallel plate capacitor depend on its application and rated voltage.

When the capacitor is connected to an alternating current or AC circuit, current flows directly through the capacitor with almost no resistance.

The plates maintain charge neutrality, and a potential difference due to the charge is established between the two plates. Once the capacitor reaches a steady-state state, due to the insulating properties of the plate dielectric, current cannot flow through itself and around the circuit.

Not only that, the capacitance is also the characteristic of the capacitor, it can resist the voltage change at both ends of the capacitor.