10k smd resistor

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What is your favorite resistance value? 1K? 10K? They are all good, but when you hardly need resistors, nothing is better than the old zero-ohm resistors.

Wait! The resistance should resist the current. What is the use of zero ohm resistors? Well, the short story (Tee-hee!) is that it is like a jumper for a single-sided surface mount board. In the bad past, companies often saved costs by running a single panel, and you could buy jumpers to help simplify the layout.

Fast forward to the modern era, where there are no through-hole components. What is the resistance (ideally) of the wire? Zero ohms. So zero ohm resistance was born. In 1206, we placed a complete spool in the closet, which was the largest SMD size we used, with the goal of being able to sneak two to three tracks under it even on a homemade etching board. They are great.

Anyway, what makes us start to subvert the lowest value resistor is

. Of course, nothing has zero resistance. This article will take you step by step to understand some of their actual properties. Please enjoy!

Damn, my master plan is to weld thousands of animals into a ring for superconducting current storage.

In any case, the solder joints will help you.

*will have

The third stage, profit

I work in a place that often handles temperatures below 10 Kelvin. At this level, you must be aware of solder formation.

~However, there is a limit to the current that can flow through the material before the material loses its superconducting properties.

It doesn't matter, you can place a parallel between the joints... hell, just to make sure that each side is ok. ;-)

What an ugly board, eroding like hell :)

It is actually a pit and full of toner. It's ugly, but it's been four years since I entered the password, I've smuggled the password in my pocket and bag,... I licked it and kept ticking. No complaints.

But yes. On the surface, she is not the winner.

(Oh, you think the corroded part may be the "G" I wrote in Sharpie, which means the ground pin on the programming pad.)

Hey, Sherlock, my brain detective, is still spinning with things on Atmel and USB, maybe often in his pocket? Because the corrosion looks the same as the old phone, it took me about 5 years.

Wabi-sabi (Wabi-Sabi) electronic products.

What is it?

In the middle of the photo is the 680 series with 000. Is it easy to bridge traces with only 680?

"In 1206, we had a full spool in our closet. This was the largest SMD size we used. The goal was to sneak two or three tracks under it even on a homemade etching board."

Since 680 is not 1206, maybe you can use 680 and 000 at the same time instead of buying some large 680 to be faster?

good idea! I do not remember. Maybe I didn't have the technology/method to reliably pass the trace under the smaller (0805?) 68 ohm resistor?

Soon after I moved, pitting on the copper made the circuit board old and had to use a color laser printer for a terrible transfer. In retrospect, my heat was also very high at the time, so I often stained the marks during the transfer process. I bet I just don’t trust myself and don’t want to clean up.

Technically, they are called zero-ohm "jumper wires", not resistors. As you pointed out, resistors...resistance.

I want that shirt! ! ! ROTGL !!!!!!

No problem, it must be here

Maybe elsewhere (maybe there is also eevblog-shop?)

I don’t know what "ROTGL" means...

Maybe he is one of the country huts with heavy soil on the lower level, so he can only roll on the ground with a smile, not on the actual floor.

Laugh on the ground? Is this some kind of joke?

that's nice! That's really smart, I will definitely use zero ohm resistors as jumpers on the next board I make. thanks for your hints!

Again, here I am stupid because I didn't think about it early, which is much better than trying to queue 2 layers.

Therefore, my daily work is an engineer for an aerospace company; I am developing and testing weather satellites in civil aerospace. In the last month, I have been troubleshooting a flight card that will enter a module scheduled to fly in 2018. The module was designed in 1997. Due to the discontinuation of some components, the last design change was in 2009 for the main communication protocol chip.

Use the new chip for the first test. The board failed. Cannot establish communication with the test PC. Contact the chip manufacturer; this is listed as a "substitute." Suppliers view our schematics. "You have a 4.7K Ohm pull-down resistor on both pins. I have seen some leakage currents before and the deception logic is very high. Replace a 0 Ohm resistor and see if it works."

There is a technique to shorten the resistance pad on the engineering board. Gosh, it works.

The 0 Ohm resistor is the new resistor of choice.

Well, I can't say that I don't know anything, but the 4.7K pulldown will make me scratch my head first, and I will never think of using anything over 1K that I want to pull down.

???? 4.7k is the "standard" value of the pull-down resistor. Depending on the type of signal and logic device, I even used values ​​as high as 100k.

4.7K is the pull-up *pull-up* value.

Please explain further... Why are the values ​​of the pull-up or pull-down resistors different? I have always thought that 4.7K is the *standard value.

Except for CMOS, Vih is farther from Vcc than Vil.

This article describes a chip that has been re-run to replace the old chip. The old technology requires lower values ​​(usually) and also has asymmetric input characteristics. An example is the original TTL technology, which has a higher bias current, so the pull-up *up* is about 4.7K, and the pull-up *down* is about 330 ohms.

Newer technologies such as microcontrollers have very high symmetrical input characteristics. For example, the internal pull-up resistor on ATmega328p-pu (the resistor used on the smaller Arduino) ranges from 20K to 50K. I can't find the input impedance right now, but as you can see from the memory, its order of magnitude is 100 of K.

If the through-hole resistor you are using is a very large inductor that has been adjusted inductance, the lower value will be used more to shunt any voltage that may be induced into the "inductor".

Okay, I found the input impedance. The reason I haven't found it before is that it is designated as 1uA leakage current of I/O pin with Vcc of 5.5V, which is about 5.5Meg ohm.

@grab:

"Except CMOS" :-) I regard CMOS as the standard of today's electronic products. Therefore, the logical threshold is usually in the middle.

Do you own shares in a power company? :-)

Or worse battery manufacturer?

4k7 has wasted 1mA (@5V), I mean, of course, it depends on the voltage level and the required speed, and sometimes it is necessary to reduce it to such a low level.

I always use 10K for pull up or down. I have no reason why anything else I use 1M b/c here will extend battery life except this battery-powered radio switch.

Ah, you can enjoy the freedom once!

I would be very careful when using a 0 ohm resistor on the non-power pins of the IC, because it may cause the ground impedance to be lower than the power pins and may affect the noise immunity. Due to the chip design, this is not a common problem, but once it happens, it will take a long time for you to find it. 5-10 ohms would be a better choice.

My favorite resistor is 1.1k 1 / 4watt.

Around 1976, I still had a leather bag in a bag for only a few dollars. Import from a well-known American company, not cheap import.

Very suitable for use at any time when 1K resistance is needed. And their leads are very long, different from the resistors I unplugged from the circuit board.

I have some more today.

Michael

A few years ago, I got a killer deal of 200 1.2k resistors.

I have some 0 ohm resistors in the standard 1/4 watt style package in the resistor box and they are stuck with the flooded old stereo amplifier. It has only one black stripe and I want to know how I will deal with them.

Yes, I have some myself. There is nothing better than this sexy stripe. It has never been used before, and may one day be used for some art projects.

I use them as arms on cyborg earrings :)

I use them for exactly the same operations as in this article, jumping along straight lines on a single-sided household etched PCB. It's really just an aesthetic. I prefer the appearance of a "resistor" rather than a little wire, but it is also easier to plug in. If you want to do "top welding" and trim your legs flush, the main body will use them The blocking bottom is a flat surface.

I have seen many 0 ohm, 0%, 1/4 watt lead resistances, at least the color code seems to indicate: black-black-black-black

The company I work for uses them as voltage selectors in power supplies. All three are 120, these two are 240, and so on. The default value is 120 (for partially assembled instruments) for initial testing (then aging and final testing are modified).

I saw the types of through holes in the first one on TV. When setting for different countries/regions with different transmission standards, a 0 ohm resistor is used to select the properties of the area, so *only* needs to change the bill of materials, not the entire schematic and circuit board.

I have always been confused about how to calculate the power rating required for zero ohms. ;-)

Even more confusing is the percentage tolerance of zero ohms. Can I develop negative resistance?

Very simple, (actual-nominal) / nominal.

I think your formula is no longer valid; regardless of the measurement, I will keep getting 255.

With this equation, I have a very small number on zero... theoretically I should have a ∞W resistor...

They are already rated current. The current of 1206 is about 2-3A.

Depends on resistance:-)

Once provided, some types can only guarantee <50mOhm. Calculations show that in the 2512 package, they have poor performance over 2A at higher temperatures. But they exist in the form of solid copper, suitable for 100A

Be careful when buying them: be sure to use the 1% version and don't be fooled by the poorer 5% version!

I got 50% cheaper dirt from Elbonia and I still think 0 * 1.50 = 0 :-D

It seems that the resistor in the picture is a "bridge" of a trace.

Is it safe to use this way? Is there no real opportunity to short-circuit below?

They are made in the same way as ordinary smt resistors, and the bottom is not conductive.

That's all of them. Otherwise, if the traces are adjacent to each other, why use a 0 ohm resistor instead of just connecting the traces? ; P

Sometimes you need to use resistors for some hardware configuration, I also saw optional antenna filters (in the GSM world) where the inductor is shorted to the 0ohm resistor.

Like a bridge over the traces of trouble?

No, they are ceramic underneath, at least the normal thick film type

They are also used as configuration jumpers and isolate the parts of each test (installed after the test).

I was looking at the development board a few days ago, and it has all these uninstalled 2-pin x connectors. The schematic shows them as configuration jumpers. Turn the board over, and then there is a small (0405?) 0 ohm resistance bridge through hole instead of a jumper.

However, this is great for segmented testing. I will have to remember this.

Yes, I have a project where the EE guy cleverly disguised this thing: there is a PI filter on the power line of each subsystem. Therefore, when you debug, you can isolate the subsystem by removing the inductor, but in production, if you see that the PI filter is not necessary, you don't actually need to fill the PI filter, you can use a 0 ohm jumper. No rotation.

Yes, that’s what I’m talking about here: when power is on, we place them everywhere to isolate the circuit group, and most of our ATE boards have a large number of unfilled 1206 points, and we fill them on each board These points so that ATE can recognize which board is used. It is much easier than serial eeprom.

Not long ago, I ordered a batch of 1,206 0 ohm resistors from Digikey, and they sent me a batch of 500mA fuses. I'm a bit entangled in how to answer, because, well, they work very well, so they are not the wrong part, but not the right part.

There are two more on my current board: it has three power inputs, one for logic and two power amplifiers for logic control, so even if the amplifier is short-circuited, you can guarantee that the logic will remain valid. On the evaluation board, for ease of use, we loaded 0 ohm resistors between all three power supplies so that it can work with only one power supply. Similarly, its purpose is to use uC on the same board and have short traces to the chip. If uC is in other places where the trace/off-board position is longer, we will provide a package for the rc filter, but bridge it with zero for use.

Oh, on the ATE board for high-precision current measurement, I often put down four footprints, two in series and two in parallel, so that I can load resistors to accurately obtain the required detection value. If I am lucky and find a suitable resistor, I will put a zero in series with it (and hope it is actually zero, but this is the purpose of four-wire resistance measurement.)

This is why I like Hackaday.

I remember that it was the first time I saw them in an Otari MX-5050 eight-track reel-to-reel tape drive. The 1/4 watt resistor beige package as described above, with a black stripe. what is that? Actual measurement, zero ohm. We just started laughing.

Yes, it must be admitted that when I first encountered them in the 90s, I thought it was some engineering Easter egg joke.

As far as I know, these resistors exist because the assembly machine (for THT) cannot handle bare wires.

I just want to know if an infinite ohm resistor is available somewhere?

Of course, but they are divided into two parts;)

In fact, the linked article talks about a company that uses 0 Ohm resistors in useless places, and the resistors are not marked in various colors to prevent reverse engineering.

Therefore, perhaps some companies also use counterfeit infinite resistors for this purpose, placing traces and placing parts with only solder pads and no internal connections.

Once they were rolled up in a "spare" box, this was called a "package short".

I use them as ties. Because network connections are evil.

They can also be used for (low precision) current sensing resistors and as fuses.

Just because they have a rated current does not mean that they will act as fuses. If you need a fuse (for example for UL/safety/legal compliance reasons), you need to use a fuse.

Removable Pololu A4988 stepper driver modules use them as current-limit detection resistors, and it is not uncommon for the ICs on these modules to emit deadly smoke.

Shockingly, I have seen them used as fuses in E-POS devices. Even ferrite beads are deliberately too small to act as fuses and emi filters.

Although no one has ever exchanged in this field, we do have a unit to return, and the sub-board is actually charcoal!

The daughter board provides power to the operator's face-to-face display, touch screen and display data.

However, the cause came later: a cable (similar to a small SCSI) was severely worn, cut and burned.

Lesson: Not a fuse! ! ! ! ! !

These resistors are also useful when creating new circuits that you are not sure about.

For example: Create an RS232 line and worry about ringing? When something goes wrong, put in 0 Ohm and swap it with the "real" resistance.

^this x10 ^

New designs, early prototypes are still playing a "hypothetical" role. Just sprinkle them on the board, and there is even half the chance that they might be useful later.

Then, one of my favorite tricks is to use them in a "pair" on the TX and RX lines of the serial connection. With a little thoughtfulness, you can use two of them side by side to reverse the RX and TX connections (horizontal and vertical).

I just did RX TX on the prototype board. Had to make a record for the next guy on the silk screen.

You are wrong, you are all wrong. It is the ultimate current sense resistor. When my Kickstarter launches erer, please read all related content.

On my project audio preamplifier, I have an output op amp that can operate in unity gain mode. If you want to get a profit, enter 1k or 10k, etc. (and the matching front end R is the same); however, if you want to get uniform gain and there are smd pads on the board, you can use 0 ohmR. In fact, I bought the first bunch a few weeks ago. The previous board speed allowed gain, but I want to configure this version to get unity gain. The ugly way: disconnect the leads of the TH parts as a bridge between the pads. But 000 is cuter than the black line on the board;)

Can a zero ohm resistor not be used as a simple type of thermal sensor? Increase heat and increase resistance.

This is zero meaning.

You...good job :)

Zero has been around for a while. They were found on boards for HP2100A small computers in the size of 1/4 watt through holes in the early 1970s, even before SMT was envisaged. That is double panel...

Thank you for pointing this out. I read this and said, "Huh? Is zero ohm resistance a surprise?" We have HP, and these are the springboards.

Yes, starting from the old joke about zero ohms before surface mount, if you want to divide by zero, you can solder with an analog quantity, then solder the zero ohm and divide by zero, unfortunately, it always leads to components Damage or short circuit

Well, if you get a 1v power supply and a zero ohm resistor, then mathematically speaking, you will get unlimited amps.

If you then use infinite amperes and use it to pulse the transformer, then you should get the infinite ampere voltage minus the losses (still infinite).

Unlimited voltage and unlimited amps provide unlimited power.

SSH, keep secrets. Don't we want those guys with too many units to figure out one person now?

The above logic is based on the text joke of a person sitting on a chair and jumping out of prison.

I just like to read short stories.

So far, I don’t know how useful a 0 ohm resistor is in my life!

-Single board bridge

-"Not sure which resistor or capacitor to place" placeholder

-Easy to test probe

-Switch the purpose of the board once

Machine can place wires

-Landmines that are reverse engineered when disguised as other components

-Reference for testing other resistors

-Cheap test oven settings

Joking with other engineers

-Projectiles of the Mini Railgun

And embedded in the black powder rocket engine for electric launch.

Make sure you get a high-quality 1% metal film 0 ohm resistor with a low temperature coefficient!

They can also be used as jumpers for things that the user does not have to change. You can change the jumper settings by flipping a bit on the pick and place machine, which is cheaper than through-hole jumpers (needs to be inserted manually) and does not need to throw away the PCB inventory for small changes.

Resistors with values ​​less than 0 ohms will be very useful.

There is not enough market to produce it as a standalone device. You must do it yourself.

(Hint: operational amplifier)

Quote: "Of course, nothing has zero resistance"

What about the negative resistance used for the chaotic oscillator 99 in Chua’s circuit?

These are also used as the main components of the black noise generator.

I have a very old radio (70s, maybe early 80s). It has a circuit board, but everything is soldered on the circuit board by hand or through the circuit board.

It's dead, so I opened it just to look around. It has a zero ohm resistance at the location where a wire is cut short. Resistors have additional contact points, which can be soldered together. The bulk of it is actually mounted on the board.

I need infinite ohm resistor

Place contact A in the center of the known universe...Place contact B on the PCB. Start to leave contact A... Stop when your resistance approaches the required infinity.

^Ahahahaha

The 6 amp fuse or solder bridge does not work?

Some ham transceivers use tiny resistors (zero or non-zero ohms) to configure the gears. Tailor the correct frequency band, and your ham-only radio can be transmitted elsewhere in the HF spectrum, including marine radio frequencies. In a pinch, your ham radio can double that of an expensive marine radio.

I started doing this when I started working on the toner transfer surface mount board-no need to drill jumpers!

Regarding through-hole 0R resistors, there are usually two types: one is that the main body is a ceramic block with carbon or metal film flashing, just like ordinary resistors; the other is that the main body is metal (usually copper) or contains Iron thing, I don’t know whether it is steel or iron, etc. These are very useful for lead legs on small modules, especially if you can purchase various metal bodies-leads become current limiting.

Sometimes called "machine pluggable jumper."

I work for a small and medium-volume EMS (Electronic Manufacturing Service) provider (also known as a contract manufacturer) and perform a quick system check. At present, we have provided 18 active part numbers for various 0 ohm resistors, the total number is close to 160,000. All components except 3 are SMT, and the package size ranges from 0402 to 1206.

Sometimes I use a 0.5 ohm resistor as a jumper from the SPI line to the EEPROM. It is very helpful when laying single-sided boards...looks much better than jumpers...

But don’t forget that if the application does require a fuse, you should use an appropriate rated fuse...

In our voltage distribution unit, even a mobile wrench is a fuse. Its grade is about 3 Gelignite, and has the additional function of dismemberment.

In the past life, I worked for a computer manufacturer. The company that designs our motherboards will place zero-ohm resistors in all the data lines of the serial, parallel, front panel audio and PS2 ports, while there are still these resistors on these motherboards. We will send the circuit board for FCC test, and then fail, and then start to replace the zero ohm resistor with ferrite until the test passes. Why not place the ferrite in the first place? Their cost far exceeds zero ohm resistors...

I think that if necessary, a series termination resistor (a few 10 ohms) can be used instead of zero ohm resistance.

It might be so. Since I have been working there for many years, I really don't remember the details.

I built a lot of things on a single-sided Perma-Proto board and found that 0Ω through-hole "resistors" are very useful for jumper wires (easier than bending the wires to the correct length) for power wires or over the center. Divide. They are super cheap in China and much cheaper than pre-made jumpers.

I remember someone told me that a zero-ohm resistor small enough was inserted into the via.

The story is: the traces in the vias act as inductors at RF/microwave frequencies, and resistors help eliminate this.

I have never ended such a high RF job, but I remember this story.

The confusing story is, but the size of the hole in the microwave oven window will let you know how big the hole can short-circuit (or reflect) microwave energy. You will not get microwave energy through holes of the same size or smaller, so you will forget to send microwave signals through through holes.

You will see that in all high frequency PCB antennas, they are only on one side. I via is a reflective pile that will reflect most or all of the microwave energy.

Can we just use wires as jumpers?

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There was a time when desktop peripherals (such as keyboards and mice) were expensive items that needed to be hung here and taken care of. But for decades, the commercialization and low-cost manufacturing of personal computers have made almost every one of them thrown away. They are so cheap that when one computer crashes, you can reach for another without thinking. One.

This is not to say that there is no longer room for expensive professional keyboards. You will find that enthusiasts still insist on using their precious old IBM Model Ms and Model Fs, or typing on a series of highly competitive high-end motherboards. You might say that cheap keyboards today are of high quality, but for some people, only the feeling of quality conversion will do.

[Mac2612] gives a good example of such a peripheral, a Das Keyboard 4C with a keyboard decal with a missing trademark. Although there was an obstacle, it suffered a leak at some point in its life, and randomly issued keystrokes to disable it. his

An interesting reading gave us some insights into why these keyboards cost extra money.

At first it seemed to be a corrosion problem on the board, so he cleaned it with IPA. All to no avail, so a series of further dismantling and cleaning began, which eventually led to the desoldering of all key switches. This lengthy task gave us a detailed introduction to the structure of the high-end "board", but unfortunately it did not find the problem, and phantom buttons kept appearing.

After the circuit board was traced back to the microcontroller, he finally found that moisture had corroded the end of the 10K surface-mount resistor and left the resistance in the MOhms. Since this is a drop-down menu on one of the keyboard rows, he found the source of the problem. We felt his pain after a long period of troubleshooting on the circuit board of the SMD component with mechanical failure.

After replacing the SMD parts and reassembling, despite the heavy workload, the keyboard is beautiful.

This is the first Das Keyboard teardown we brought you, but not the first keyboard crack. There are people

,E.g

.

[Thanks to Graham Heath, 

]

Decades ago, I was still using the Logitech M-BA47 mouse.

It's time to show our electronic pen; I'm still using the IBM ModelM produced in April 1993.

The reason I use the "Microsoft Wired Keyboard" is that when they were filled with metal dust/debris/oil and antifreeze at work, I boxed it and purchased another laugh. The computer even has a car air filter attached to its intake fan.

1993?

The earliest Model M I used was made in 1984;)

The M model was never produced in 1984. That is the copyright date you are looking for.

You were very picky in the "I am an older dinosaur, then a lot" contest.

Does anyone beat Marvin's story by creating sparks between two flint and steel?

Tomorrow we will discuss storage, where Joe will boast that his wedge-shaped clay flakes predate Jim's punch card.

Production of the M model began in 1985, and there are definitely pre-production models that could be produced in 1984. In fact, for retro computer collectors, they are expensive.

So yes, he can definitely own the 1984 ModelM.

Type M space capsule in late 1987

I have a few and use them on all my rigs. There are a few spares. When offline, it will be disassembled and thoroughly cleaned, so when it is put back into service, it looks brand new.

Novatouch TKL with Penumbra is tanned.

,This is a

I have the largest electronic pen.

My desktop computer installed IIRC's ModelM on IIRC sometime around 1990. I can put the Raspberry Pi inside it, but that is a shame.

"He cleaned it with IPA"-Did he pour beer on the keyboard? People are always told that it is not good for them :-)

Of course, but he lost his mind after drinking 99.9% IPA!

It is difficult for me to pronounce "IPA" as isopropyl alcohol. When I read it, I always read it as "Indian Pale Ale", so it is not recommended to use it as a circuit board cleaner.

That's why it is so happy in the Hackaday article :)

Is it just me, or is the 5th and 6th keys from the left from the bottom row [2, 4, 5] interchanged relative to the smooth color gradient tried on the keyboard?

It seems to me the same.

I can't see it now.

I have a cheap Anker mouse+keyboard mouse and upgraded myself with Ducky mouse+keyboard on my birthday. It was a £30 suit, and now it is a £150 suit.

Isn't it good? Yes. Is it worth 5 times the price? No.

I put the Anker spare set in the drawer to prevent the keyboard Cherry switch or the mouse Omron switch from giving up ghosting. This week, I removed the switch of the old HP 3 button mouse (without scroll wheel) to repair the RAT5 gaming mouse, showing that the £10/kg mouse switch is more durable than its £50 mouse switch. Therefore, you may not always get what you need!

I have an updated Daz keyboard and put it down (tehee) this is my best PC-related purchase ever, it has surpassed any keyboard I have used before, and saw the value of someone trying to type on this thing (No decal version)) is priceless. It did improve my blind typing (even if I did not do this/expected)

Fix is ​​the male gender in German. "Das Fix" sounds terrible to my ears. It should be "Der Fix" indeed.

No, it's not necessarily the case-unless you still think it should be "Die Keyboard" ("Die Tastatur") instead of "Das Keyboard".

Worse, because the "fix" is... For example, rapid or short-sightedness ("fixed Idee") and "fix" "yes" injecting drugs.

f/Fix is ​​not a German primitive, and "Die Fix" is more correct because it is "Die Reperatur".

Good-"Der Fix" may be a tool commonly used by German hackers, but it is still a mixture of the two languages.

Also, I am disappointed with the fixed definition of "our" (meaning hackers, etc.). Not in Duden

On this point, I need to admit that I also associate "fixed" with "der", but I'm not sure why.

Very correct, but this is the responsibility of the manufacturer. A restaurant owner at Oxford University is called Raymond Blanc (Raymond Blanc), and his restaurant in the 1980s was called "La Maison Blanc". The French teacher in Oxford was very happy to inform the students that they should be "La maison blanche". Yes, I understand.

"RoHS... a sign for people who hate lead-free solder!"

Yes!

I have used RoHS (lead-free) car battery terminal clip connectors.

There are a bunch of "Dell Enhanced" keyboards that provide me with the right amount of tactile feedback, but I never get rid of them. The new machine they come with the machine is different.

Is that the one with drainage holes on the bottom edge of the thin frame and blocks on the top edge?

KeyPro FK9000. This committee needs revival. It has 12 normal function keys on the top and 12 programmable PF keys on the left. They can be programmed using the keyboard. The memory is backed by a rechargeable NiCd battery that can draw power from the keyboard port. It also has 8 cursor keys, with the Turbo key in the middle. There is also a switch key, which can switch the numeric keyboard to calculator mode via LCD. calc has memory and other functions, such as square root.

However, it cannot send the content displayed by the calculator to the computer. Since it is an input device, it should be possible. A new version is needed.

I will make some changes to the layout. It has a large backspace key. It has a large reverse L input. Unfortunately, its right shift is very short, the right shift of \ should be on the right end, and the Prog key is between alt and ctrl, and \ should be on the right. <-This is my preferred layout with these three big keys, and no manufacturer has had a keyboard like this in 22 years. It’s okay to have the Windows key and three big keys, they just refuse to make a keyboard that way.

Between the left ctrl and alt is a blank key, it absolutely does not work. You can make it the only WinKey and shorten the right end of the space bar to fit the Menu key. Move the Prog key up between Esc and the function key.

The gateway KB-2961 has a large backspace key and a large right shift key, but \ is the upper half of Enter. The menu key may disappear at the right end of the space bar, the WinKey on the right is useless, and the alt on the right is at the WinKey and \ on the right. It is not difficult to own the Big Three keyboards of WinKeys-if some companies are willing to do so.

I might cut the wiring, wiring, swap the three keycaps on the bottom row, disconnect the switch at the current \ position, and then disconnect JB Weld Enter and \ to fix the keyboard. why? Because remapping is not always active in the software.

Type M space protector at the end of 1984

I like my DeCK ICE 82:

. If you plan to spend some silly money on the keyboard, then it only needs backlighting, so you can see the mplayer controls in the dark!

Um i go play

White fox, a real fox layout.

The best keyboard ever.

Those days will never come back. Nowadays, the keyboard is like a piece of chocolate. If it tastes good, eat it, and throw it away if it’s bad. There are quality options everywhere, but few really cost a lot of money on the keyboard.

I still have the IBM model M, nothing can compare...

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Crowded hands dingy, get rid of the rest of the filler panel with surface mount components. This is the job of the pick and place machine. Over the years, these printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) trading tools have become closer and closer to the reality of the home store. The diving price of some models fell below $10,000. However, if you do it unprofessional, it is still unscrupulous.

On the other hand, this cost can be explained as the project itself. You are not buying a $450 shopping tool, you are buying

. There are two main parts here, an X/Y/Z machine tool can also rotate the vacuum-based part picker, while the feeder can pull out the parts to be placed. All of this is working, but there is still a long way to go before it becomes a machine that is set up and forgotten.

Rubber hits the road surface in two ways by pick and place machines: feeder and optical placement. Where Stephen Hawes did a lot of work,

Started in January. The stack of PCB and 3D printed parts is hung on the front guide rail of the gantry assembly, the width of the tape can be adjusted, and the paper feeding can be fine-tuned using the interesting PCB encoder wheel and worm gear. [Stephen]’s main controller board, RAMPS shield and Arduino Mega running a customized version of Marlin can be used with up to 32 feeders.

So far, although he doesn’t seem to solve the visual system problem, although

It does include a "down camera", confirming that this is a planned feature. Vision is very important in commercial products. At least one downward camera is required to accurately locate the circuit board, and an upward camera is usually used to ensure the position and orientation of the components (if not more than one for each purpose). Cameras). Without these, the machine will not be able to calculate, and may cause deviations in the overall circuit board size, the duration of the placement process, and axial misalignment. However, [Stephen] chooses to use to increase the field of view should not be a fixed job

Drive the machine and the project

. Compared with the complexity of the feeder, it will be much easier to add.

[Stephen] admits that there is still a lot of work to be done, and he is happy to help improve the performance of the feeder design and enrich the functions on the road. Although we suspect that as in the early days of guiding 3D printers, such projects can never be truly completed. At least

Much easier to manufacture.

[Thanks Nils! ]

Smoothieboard is the official controller of the OpenPNP stack. You can make RAMPS work, but this is not the most supported/developed one.

Over the years, we have added/modified many things based on OpenPNP project/user feedback.

For those who own RAMPS, OpenPNP RAMPS support is a more way to use it for certain purposes.

I considered making my own SMT machine, but I bought one from Madell. It cost me $14,000, but the machine includes parts rotation, top view, bottom view and their feeders do a good job. Sometimes it depends on the time and cost of the decision, and I made the right decision. In the past 6 years, I have owned this machine and the time saved exceeds its cost.

It also involves backflow. The oven is a great reflow oven. I used it for several years before upgrading to a $300 desktop temperature-controlled reflow oven. Then I found out that the electric oven is the same! ! !

As far as I can remember, OpenPNP supports all of these.

Ok, if you have 14K

Breeders have always been the pain point of these things. Blush first this looks good. The best choice and location will be with odrive and server. I am waiting for a machine with a price of $4K, which has a good paper feeder and 0402 size parts placement with servo.

You may spend a lot of time on these things. In the end, it’s better to assemble by hand or use manual pick and place or manually perform the first few times in the loop pick and place, and then pay to the assembly factory to rest. I am now an evaluation . I may update later.

I want to make a feeder that only requires you to dump a bunch of parts into a flat container. Use ocv to identify the direction and pick it up. If the part is upside down, it will automatically shake without placing the part on the head (using the automatic sliding cover), or drag and drop until it is correct (it may take less operation time than setting the tray). This can be quickly set up and provide more "feeders" (although based on the gantry area...maybe the conveyor belt can be used to reduce the footprint).

For me, the value of PNP is limited-I rarely do more than 20 boards on any board, and most of the time I get 3 boards from OshPark.

Therefore, what I really want is not PNP, but PND-Pick and Place. This is a machine driven by voice commands. I only need some components to magically display at the designated position on the workbench.

Alexa, give me 6 100nm 0603 cover

Hey google give me a 10k 0603 resistor

Even if it is limited to the chicken part, it can save me a lot of time.

I like this idea and hope it can place the components in the right way. I swear, when you try to flip its right side with tweezers, the 0402 resistor has 12 white sides and one black side.

Yes, for whatever reason, they always tend to turn peanut butter upside down. Statistically speaking it doesn't make sense

I have manually loaded a very large board (each board has more than 500 components, maybe hundreds of boards), I am pretty sure this is a confirmation bias, because although I agree with this approach, I also spend time calculating When I shook the container they entered, how many parts were black side up and how many white sides were up side, only about 50%. I think it looks worse than it actually is, because in most cases, since a bunch of parts on the right have been pulled out, more upside-down parts will be seen.

Yes, but if there are no markings on the part (such as 0402 and 0603), then it doesn't matter which way you solder it?

The resistance of most SMD resistors is on the top of the chip. Mounting it upside down will reduce the cooling air flow, thereby reducing the rated power. During PCB vibration, it may also damage the mechanical strength of parts. That being said, I am happy to solder them upside-down for prototyping in the lab, but not when others want to check my work.

Yes, but we are talking about manual welding 0402, so its output and reliability are not high.

In fact, I don’t feel it, but it may be that the heat dissipation of the resistive layer is closer to the thermal quality of the pad and trace, which is better than air...How to test?

This is because as things get smaller, all these folded sizes will come into play.

I also like this idea, but you can’t provide a feeder for every component. Therefore, you need to buy some kind of mint dispenser or something, and a robot to extract and distribute.

"This is because as things get smaller, all these folded sizes will come into play."

(laugh)

If you need many things of the same kind, just throw something on the table. Pick up and place objects that land correctly until they are all upside down. Then press down with your fingertips to lift it up, and then wipe it off. Place the fallen ones immediately. repeat.

If you only need one or two, I find that using rubber antistatic pads can flip them well. Use tweezers to gently push the edge down to turn it over.

Another option is to put them in a small container with an open top and place a clickable dome of some kind of metal under it so that you can push down and make them all jump.

Put them on a piece of paper, tap the paper with your finger, and then they will jump

They jump on the carpet!

FTFY

B ^)

Either way will do.

Years ago, when I was partially responsible for the Fuji CP6 PnP machine I used to work on, I made some kits for DIY manual SMT projects. I created a program to place parts on a "board", which is an array of 3×5 cards, printed with a screen printing of PCBA pictures, and then covered with PCBA size double-sided tape.

The program places 14 different parts on each card neatly on the PCBA, and places 4 "spare" parts on one edge. After finishing, I got a card with the parts and "instructions" needed by the manufacturer for my hands to place. The smallest part is 0805, so it is very easy. The hardest part is to use all the double-sided tape to make the "wooden board". Finally, I will cover each "board" with a transparent material (used old paper protector) to hold the part in place and cover the adhesive. Tuck them all into a 3×5 ESD bag for transportation. My customers liked it, but my boss closed the site I was working on, so while I was looking for a job, other orders were put on hold.

I have always wanted to replicate this idea with a container like a container for plastic parts. Put each part into the cavity of each BOM, then close the top (obviously seal the compartment with a compartment). Unfortunately, most of my products have not fully supported DIY kit models recently (not everyone cares about QFN)

good idea. For the cavity method, card bottom layer, laser cut corrugated cardboard, plastic top layer may work well

Or make a vacuum-formed plastic sheet into a tray with partial grooves?

If needed, do some Alexa skills for this.

You can pay for some assembly services at any time...

and also:

Mike has a second-hand but professional pick and place machine, but still uses manual assembly.

He said that for small batch production, using manual assembly is faster than installing SMT machines.

He also played a 15-minute video with tips on how to perform manual assembly:

I just want to use more highly integrated parts in SOIC. What is particularly lacking is a device equivalent to an FPGA for power processing. It only needs to make a buck/boost charge, provide one or two buck/boost outputs, and perform I2C control of the "or" logic of the nanogrid device, and a manual solderable device.

But sadly all of these are BGA.

If we had more mass-produced configurable analog gears, so many designs would have required one-third of the parts. Where is the ESD protection ADC/amplifier/comparator chip with 60v function?

I am engaged in analog power supply design. Large companies are willing to pay prices beyond the minimum, and it is extremely difficult to provide a convincing business case for a broad market segment. According to the pricing structure, we must sell 500,000 parts to reach the breakeven of the development, so if you cannot provide a compelling reason for this, it will not be approved. (When I say the minimum, I mean that we have put the parts into production, and possible customers say "I don't want to pay for all these extra things", and then we pass by actually not doing anything. "Rotate" the mold put a different mark on it and made a data sheet, which did not mention the features they didn't want, and reduced some prices, and then they bought it. If you buy enough, it is worth it for us Price reduction.)

We have an i2c chip that contains multiple buck/boost controllers. Marketing is extremely difficult, because when you start talking about how to set up registers to control the phase relationship between different channels, the people who need the hardware the most will be completely stuck. On previous similar chips, we spent about 70% of the engineering time to support the software required to demonstrate the unit and provide support to customer designers who tried to use it, while we spent 30% of our time developing it. It is expensive and expensive and even harder to recover because it is not a one-time expenditure. Just like every new product purchase will increase the ongoing cost.

It is also difficult to do a lot of digital work in the process of higher voltage (not impossible at all, but very inconvenient). Due to process requirements, it takes up a lot of mold space.

Oh, I don’t know anything about chip design!

My workload is small and I am usually the only engineer, and mostly work at the consumer level, so my first task is to replace every component I can use with software, no matter how much complexity it adds. More hardware means that once it is abused, more things will fail; and due to the timetable, one attempt and completion of the circuit board manufacturing will make more things mess up. Plus the hardware has been repaired, and someone wants to complete half of the design before the design is complete and know what they want.

I don’t know that hardware engineers hate handling registers! I think it makes sense, I even met software experts who really don't like software. Many engineers seem to prefer the things they feel they know the lowest level.

Of course, it seems that this problem can be solved through sufficient economies of scale. If we have a fully integrated "default choice" that everyone agrees and can be made through billions of dollars, then in a period of time, 555 timer and 7805 will appear everywhere, I believe someone will figure out the cost issue .

Not that there are people who seem to want to standardize everything now! Everyone seems to hate standards and prefer their temporary "perfect for this application" solution, at least in terms of software.

How to use the reverse image of the placement,

Place the component upside down on the sticky "plastic" board above the image on the back,

Place the thin board with all components in the correct direction on the circuit board with pre-flux paste,

Send it to backflow,

Badda-boom, Badda-bing!

PCB with components and conformal coating​​!

(I'll go to the door to see now)

In terms of the number of plates produced, when can PNP machines usually save labor? I need to do 20 to 30 designs occasionally, but I often do 1-5. For amateur projects, professional assembly is usually too expensive, up to 50-100 boards. JLCPCB’s assembly service is cool, but given its limitations (for example, they cannot be required to order more out-of-stock parts), the design based on it seems risky.

This actually depends on the number of components, types and the number of different parts. It may take 1-4 hours to set up my older Juki (for example, feeder, programming, etc.), so for a few boards, this does not make any time sense. However, if you use frequently used components (capacitors, resistors, etc.) for PnP settings, you can greatly reduce the setup time. In many cases, I use PnP to fill standard parts that have been set on the computer, and then manually place the remaining parts. In this way, compared to manually filling the entire circuit board, I will save about 60-70% of the time. If I have to assemble more than 20-25 boards, I usually send them to my contract manufacturer (CM) because they can finish it faster with new equipment. However, the delivery time of my CM is about 3-4 weeks, so if the time is tight, then I will run PnP and make larger runs internally.

I commend those who choose to design their own PnP machines, but I have to ask, is it better to buy an old professional PnP and then refit it with OpenPnP? This can provide a good starting point for many mechanical details and the supply of various feeders. Feeders are essential to the use of PnP. If you look at commercial feeders, you will find the complexity of these devices. Therefore, using off-the-shelf products will save a lot of time and you can buy as many things as you need. ...In some cases, the cost is much lower than self-made.

This is definitely what people do. In the past year or so, I have helped more than a dozen people (in the "smooth board" aspect of those projects). Interestingly, compared with the accompanying DOS software, these machines are usually more capable of converting to OpenPNP at one time.

Indeed, I have seen some ways of doing this. However, many people decide to build everything from scratch... It's a lot of work with mixed results. The complete custom plug and play will have a certain level of feeder restrictions (quantity, type, etc.) without overly mentioning the placement speed. Using a professional machine as a basis can indeed improve the results... and will undoubtedly be faster to create.

Yes, but it is not open source. This benefits him more than himself, and we know that when people plant the shade that they know they will never sit in, society will grow.

Actually, it will be open source... As my comment is about using OpenPnP and the controller board, but using the original equipment infrastructure... In other words, it will be hacked for bidding. Like I said, making your plug-and-play function great, but in the end its usefulness is not all the same, because there are many things to consider. I never considered all these details before getting my own PnP, so I strongly recommend starting with an existing old device and starting with all its infrastructure in place. Doing so will make the device more versatile and useful. Before anyone starts making their own PnP, I suggest you let someone else guide you through all the steps to set up and operate PnP... Besides simply picking parts and placing them, there are many other functions.

If your goal is to have affordable and functional machines in a short time, then buying second-hand products may be a better choice than doing it yourself.

If your budget is very tight, you can use it as a hobby and assemble simple parts into a machine. This is not only a fun challenge, but also a learning experience to learn how it works, then buy some parts and build it yourself .

In addition, the Chinese will manufacture desktop computers of the size shown in the video above, and you can buy a new one at a price of around 2000 Euros or 3000 Euro

The English menu with built-in LCD is optional. If you want to run it on openPNP, maybe you can reach an agreement and buy only the technology.

I started to make rotatable vacuum nozzles. I have more concepts, but they are not listed on my channel.

Just want to know if those awkward and cheap "USB keyboard cleaners" are strong enough to pull small components, or are they complete?

When the manual pick and place system was up and running, I spent a while looking for vacuum pump options.

I finally modified an aquarium air pump.

Someone documented the process here:

The availability of parts depends on:

*The weight of your parts (almost none)

*The "effective" diameter of the nozzle.

*Vacuum pressure difference.

With a perfect vacuum, you can suck about 10 meters of water through the tube.

Then go back and assume:

*The specific gravity of ceramic components is 3 times that of water.

*Low pressure 10kPa

*The size ratio of nozzle to component is 1:10

Then, you can still lift the 3 cm high component stack.

So almost any vacuum pump will do.

However, if the pressure difference is large, then the size of the nozzle is less important, for example, you can use the same nozzle as the 1206 resistor to pick up a 12*12mm QFP. Such a high ratio will reduce reliability and accuracy. Components may move during transportation due to vibration.

Thank you everyone. Although I am not looking for the best vacuum pump, it is cheaper, lighter, low-power, and a small semi-automatic robot that can use it when you are hovering on the bench to grab things for you. Or automatically organize random piles of components into types or something.

Just consider that it is a well-thought-out design, so that your concept can be quickly discovered by testing and good at development, and then let you discover its advantages, and then nail your feet to the floor with an oscilloscope. Coupled with the trivial things that work with more than a dozen small problems, it is far more fun than what you can do in a few months, and there is only a single problem that can be solved by the trivial, weird band-aid.

But I am only doing brain simulations.

>So far, it seems that he has not solved the vision system problem. [...] Without these, the machine will not be able to calculate, which may cause the entire circuit board size, placement duration and axial offset misalignment.

Wait what

There are a large number of systems that can repeatedly position 0.01 mm on a larger area than amateur PCBs or even professional PCBs. They usually use completely open-loop "dead reckoning" steppers, and basically never use computer vision. CNC machine tools. Even 3D printers. Machine vision seems to be a large-scale Rube Goldberg method. Cut your plank accurately and clamp it to a corner.

What am I missing here? I'm sure there must be something, but I have no *clue*.

You are missing random variations of parts in the tape. For large parts, this is not a problem, but the smaller you are, the more difficult it is to pick up a resistor close enough to the center to work.

Not long ago, I fixed a bug that caused the Arduino mega support to not work properly. (It seems that many have these, and many IOs are very cheap). Do you know if it still applies to Arduino mega?

(This reply is in response to the first comment, namely openPNP Ramps vs Smoothie board.)

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The passive component industry (manufacturers of resistors, capacitors and diodes that are found boring but vital in every electronic device) is on the verge of shortage. You can always buy a 220Ω, 0805 resistor, but instead of spending 2 cents for a penny like now, it's better to buy one in the near future.

Yageo, one of the largest manufacturers of surface mount (SMD) resistors and multilayer ceramic capacitors, announced in December that they would not accept orders for new chip resistors. Yageo cut production of cheap chip resistors to focus on high-margin niche market components for automotive, IoT and other industrial uses,

. Earlier this month, Yaego resumed accepting orders for chip resistors, but 

 (For articles behind the paywall, please try to click

).

As a result, there are rumors that the sales volume of passive components in the Shenzhen electronics market is very high, and several tweets from the electronics industry say that the prices of certain components have doubled. Because every electronic device uses these "bean-shaped" parts, reduced supply or increased prices means that certain products will not be shipped on time, profits will decrease, or the price of the latest electronic products will increase.

The question remains: Are we on the verge of a shortage of resistors, and what does it mean to have a manufacturer without the required parts?

With the upcoming shortage news, you can expect dealers to increase prices, buy more inventory or take measures to ensure a stable supply of SMD resistors in the next few years. There are two ways to determine whether this is happening. The first is an advanced analysis from a company that analyzes thousands of BOMs and provides engineers with tools to determine the right components for their supply chain. The second method is to check some old Mouser invoices.

In the past, I have purchased several rolls of Yageo resistors, and by looking at Mouser’s order history, I found that there is no change in the price between six months ago and today. In June last year, five thousand 220Ω, 0603 resistors from Yageo cost $10, while today's cost is $10. Of course, this is a data set. To truly understand the inventory situation, we need better data.

, A search tool for electronic parts (owned by SupplyFrame, the owner of Hackaday and the person who pays me) has a "parts intelligence" tool for viewing historical prices and inventory of various parts. For example, Yageo’s stock 

News about potential shortages of important commodities such as chip resistors and capacitors may scare some people. Of course, there is an obvious question: should the company stock these bean-shaped bean parts? Should you lock in the price now and buy a full year of inventory? What if 

Did something? History tells us that you should not do this.

In the early 1970s, there were a lot of consumer goods shortages in the United States, the most important being the shortage of natural gas. However, there is another way to gain insight into why you should not store more than you need during a shortage. In 1971, a corn blight hit crops in the southeastern United States, increasing the price of livestock feed. In response, livestock producers reduced their herds, and the price of meat (especially beef) rose sharply. By 1973, the media reported a shortage of beef and consumers complained about the high price of premium steaks.

Also in 1973, William Rathje, a young archaeologist at the University of Arizona, began studying garbage. The garbage hidden in the household garbage bags collected in 1973 is garbage, which surprises anyone concerned about the shortage of beef. Under the grapefruit peel and coffee grounds, he found a well-preserved T-bone steak wrapped in a paper towel. Other garbage bags unearthed during the first season of Rathje

Shows more beef chunks, which is completely edible on the surface. In these bags, you can also find newspapers reporting on beef shortages, and the results of media investigations clearly show that consumers are reducing beef consumption. In fact, the analysis of garbage shows that during the beef shortage period, consumers buy three times as much beef as before or after. Consumers stock and panic buying without realizing that beef is perishable. Others bought cheap, unfamiliar pieces of beef that they didn't know how to prepare. During the beef shortage, beef consumption increased. Human psychology is strange.

The moral of the beef shortage story is to buy what you can foresee, not what you worry about not getting. In our current situation, implementing the latter will result in component reels not being used in racks and closets around the world, rather than being available when needed. The damage rate of resistors is not as fast as T-bone steak, but no one likes to carry too much inventory, and the act of hoarding will definitely allocate scarce resources.

Unnecessary inventory may be bad, but the electronics industry is also strange. There is no other industry on earth 

Can buy supplies of certain things in the world. Myself 

Furthermore, the market for commodity resistors is different from the market for rare components. Among rare components, being able to purchase parts will destroy product release. This may be a temporary error. With sufficient inventory there, market forces will eventually prevail, requiring resistor manufacturers to increase production lines and produce thousands of resistors. But before that, we are likely to see higher prices for chip resistors, which may increase the BOM cost by a few cents.

The box of resistors under my bed might turn into a gold mine!

"The moral of the beef shortage story is to buy what you can foresee, not what you worry about not getting."

Or ethics might be, learning how to store and prepare what you have?

As for non-perishable things like resistors, it may be worse that they are useless. Likewise, maybe people will be able to 3D print their resistors in the future.

Make it jerky, it will stay longer...

Uh, uh! Thin carbon film dry is the best!

Oh, you just can't resist, can you?

thank you all. Make full use of the entire reading time.

For "better", for everyone, if no one stores unwanted resistors, that would be the best choice.

But the problem is you: "If...the best"...will not affect everyone's behavior, so there are rumors that resistors may be short in the near future, which will lead to actual shortages in the short term. They will not be wasted like beef, but they will be piled up for a long time...

Well.. When a large passive house is smaller than a grain of sand and we are all old and unable to adapt to any architectural style allowed.. It is the hoarders who will sell their second-hand goods on Ebay, and their The children sell garbage dumps. In the death table or worse, put them in the big cardboard box under the big table and go to the old man's house so we can continue to build things.

Indeed... I plan to buy a lot of resistors: P

This was the basis of British rationing during World War II. There is a limit to the amount of X/Y/Z you can buy, but in return, the government guarantees that you can always buy X/Y/Z, so you don’t need to buy it until you need it

InRange viewer detected!

Global resistors are more difficult to debug. I prefer object-oriented electronic devices. My parts are local (and start with an underscore).

If we really need the resistor urgently, we can try to connect the electrode to the preference function instead of the object-oriented heresy!

However, then you will not be able to use OO resistor arrays.

Okay, you have to share this... How did you accidentally monopolize the entire supply of scarce components worldwide?

I clicked on italics, hoping to find the answer link!

Yes, I want to hear that story too. . .

This is easier than you think. I did this (intentionally) the other day. Mouser and the smaller houses are gone, there are only a few hundred digital keys left, so we bought all of them. prosperity. Global shortage [exaggeration]. But until the manufacturer delivers the next batch of products (such as 2 months). In this case, it is a special 5-pin RA circular connector.

I am also curious about the "accidental" part :-)

I used to be the largest purchaser of Rogue Imperial Stout in the country. It turns out that no one bought this product at that time. I happened to work at a distributor and bought a box on behalf of a friend. $13 per bottle (distributor pricing), bars and restaurants only buy a few bottles at a time, mainly for decoration.

My purchasing colleague received a call from the Rogue salesperson and confirmed that this is not an error.

Thieves Empire Stout

Was this name brewed by fans of Star Wars?

Don’t I drink much beer? The gangster is the brewery, and the imperial stout is the style. I cannot comment on their preference for movies.

I'm sure this is related to SMD LED...

The topic of discussing the market is a bit off topic, but it’s really good: here is a link to the 2015 NPR story about the monopoly of the entire American onion market in 1955.

I think this is the LED panel they used for badges about a year ago and then modified to bare LEDs.

I actually did it almost once. In other words, my subcontractor did it. They are making two circuit boards with specific contact information for me. When I am making revisions and preparing to purchase some additional components for my own testing, I find that I can’t find the parts I want, so I call my Branch office. -Contractors, and ask them if they have these components, because I can't find them. Obviously, they bought all of them.

This story repeats itself from time to time, so I may be more general than people think, especially when the components you use are not the most common ones.

A large part of the problem is the small increase in demand (the current global economy is relatively good) and the drive to continuously reduce the cost of electronics. So far, component manufacturers can only reduce costs, and many manufacturers are already at a loss. Now, there is no incentive to invest funds in new passive component factories. They will make as many resistors as possible, and no more resistors. In a sense, I think we may have found the intersection of the price/demand curve on the material.

I am not a real economist, I just work for a relatively large component manufacturer, which is basically what they told us. I am not directly involved, but in the daily conference call, some small parts manufacturers ask for more resistors, we must tell them "No, not for now." Every day has the same questions and answers, everyone will go Ape. The flood of counterfeit goods into the market seems to be the best situation, so please be careful.

Fake resistance?

This reminds me of my attempt to make a power resistor with a pencil lead. Short story... they can't dissipate too much power.

Why smoke-increase the voltage and create a carbon arc!

Just for it, I went to Digi-Key and checked a 220 ohm, 0805 resistor.

There are 10 suppliers for this part and there are millions in stock. That is from a distributor. I think we will be fine.

People often do this. When something extremely cheap becomes expensive for a penny, we seem to see a certain end of the world, as if it will disappear, and we must start hoarding it now. I think people secretly hope that the world will end or something else.

Wait until the GPU market collapses.

Bitcoin needs to implode first: P

Who is mining Bitcoin with GPU?

They are mining Ethereum and other alternative coins that do not use SHA-256 or scrypt for proof of work. It seems to be profitable because the shortage of GPUs (as well as high-end power supplies, low-end CPUs and ≥4 socket Mobo) continues.

The price of alt coins often changes in sync with Bitcoin, because confidence or lack of Bitcoin will spread to ultra-small cryptocurrencies. If Bitcoin explodes, all other Bitcoins may also explode.

However, Digi-Key cannot well represent large-scale supply and cost. The basic resistor is so cheap that about 90% of the Digi-Key price is high, which makes the price difference less obvious (usually the correlation with the wholesale price is not very good). Most of the parts are sold directly from the factory to the PCB assembly plant, where switching from Yageo parts for $9/reel to Panasonic parts for $40/reel is not a "sure, no matter, no one" decision. It will not suddenly make the manufacturing of smartphones unprofitable, but low-end products that are already profitable may encounter some problems. These price changes will have to spread throughout the chain, thereby breaking the previously agreed contract and timetable.

It may not be eliminated, but it will definitely change some business models. Remember the chip? Those guys went to great lengths to make things as cheap as possible, so that they used composite video output instead of mini-HDMI. It may not be a big deal here and in most places, but when your fixed price is your whole selling point, you may have to increase the number of pre-orders to maintain the same pricing structure, and this will make you early now have to either commit To buy more products, either act as a PR and gain their success to spread the information to the adopters.

What happened to CHIP?

They went bankrupt.

Too bad, I want to use GR8 SoM in a project, but I cannot buy any CHIP Pro, nor can I buy any CHIP Pro.

Not just low-end, low-profit. People are willing to spend a lot of money on smartphones rather than on dishwashers, but which ones do you think will cost more?

I am very happy that the products that I design sell only a few hundred or less each year, and they are expensive. For my (relatively) small batches, it doesn't matter if my resistors cost 1 or 2 cents per piece. Compared with many other costs, it hardly reduces BOM costs.

me too. Usually, if the passive scroll price increases three times, I won't care. I just need to be able to get them. However, recently I encountered a serious problem with ceramic capacitors. Not just resistance. I have a new revised version of the CPU board, and the footprint was changed entirely due to supply issues to allow 1210 and 1206 on larger capacitors.

In fact, I think it’s ridiculous, just like I have been successful for 7 years without experiencing a serious shortage of distributors, I can’t solve it somehow (have to make a few calls) and finally reach what I can afford To the extent that everything is stocked into the manufacturer’s lead time requirements... Now, these lead times are blurred and no longer reliable.

Thanks to Joe Kim for another great graphic!

In global economics, if the required products are missing, alternative methods will be found.

Therefore, if one factory in China cuts or stops producing resistors, I believe another factory will start producing them, whether in Vietnam, India, Malaysia, Angola or Timbuktu...

Of course, Yeago may be another DeBeers...

Maybe.

Maybe there was a surplus before, this is a market adjustment. I like that anyone can buy cheap parts, I hope that is not the case, but you must admit that it is a small doubt to be able to buy anything for years for a few dollars.

In addition, even if there is no oversupply, there is indeed a shortage now. It will take some time for other companies to realize the gaps, decide to fill the gaps, and provide tools for factories to start production and distribution. At the same time, if this news triggers a lot of panic buying, we can at least expect prices to rise temporarily.

The memory market is already in contraction.

Resistors are easier to produce than large-capacity memory chips. They are even produced in Europe:)

Need a 3D printer to make our own

Not only Yageo, I am a component/continuation engineer. Basically all passive component manufacturers are receiving notifications telling us that the market is entering the "allocation" phase. When you buy 3.1 million parts of a given part every year, it is painful to be told that only 750,000 parts will be sold.

When you get parts from each of the big-name manufacturers in the qualified list, you will also find that none of the parts can meet your needs in the last month, which is also very painful (Want a 649ohm 2010 package resistor? I wish you Good luck! We have never heard of "Viking America" ​​before, obviously they have some.)

Most manufacturers expect a market bubble sometime this year. They don't want to stay in inventory, nor do they want to invest in equipment that may be idle in a few months. The little guy trying to fill in the gaps is completely unknown in many cases (and we avoid dark gray areas when I work on personal safety) and cannot keep up with the needs of other people.

Usually diodes are not counted as passive components, right?

Of course we have already had this conversation ;-)

In the past 4 months, the delivery time of Yageo MLCC of our main distributor has been changed 3 times (stretched)! It looks like capacitors will be the next... :(

There is a continuing shortage of capacitors in Shenzhen.

For example, the price of capacitors in the EOMA68-A20 computing card dropped from 0.5 usd to 2.5 usd.

This is much better than the worst 4-8 usd number cited a month or two ago.

But it is still increasing substantially.

"There is no other industry on the planet that can randomly buy anyone's things."

For all the kids who don’t realize how great they are these days...

I think this is a common strategy before the Internet era. Buy all the parts and design a project around it. Then publish the item in fan magazines (such as "Popular Electronics", "Radio Electronics", etc.)... In the beautiful printing of the BOM, mention your address, and you will be happy to help users find hard-to-find parts Some inflated prices.

Lol

Today, if you try to list 10 common alternatives in forum comments within an hour.

"I, myself, did it by accident."

Oops, come on Brian. Now we all want to hear this story. The way to make fun!

Now, I really want to know the story of Brian buying something in the world by accident.

Did you mention the vertical sodimm sockets when you discussed the Pi computing module?

I have been looking for those, they seem to be as rare as hen teeth.

Oh yeah. Forgot that. That's just

The supply of the world is somewhere in my basement.

This seems silly to me. This is not like a capacitor disaster. There is no "secret recipe" for making chip resistors. They are commodities. Yaego doesn't want to make them anymore? Panasonic will only speed up the pace. Or Vishay. Or Stackpole. Either...

Maybe Yaego will start producing resistors again. I see a lot from commodity manufacturers. They cut the product line because it was unprofitable, the market panicked and raised the price, then the company restarted the product line, and now they can sell it again for profit. In some cases, manufacturers manipulate the market so that even if the price drops below the level before the shortage, they can finally afford the upgrade cost of the machine and still make a profit.

The moral of the story: cryptocurrency is dead; buy resistors!

It might be a good idea to work on a cheaper micro Waldo system to make better use of the parts that will be available.

Major distributors are now quoting aerospace-grade capacitors and resistors with an average lead time of 65 weeks. Yes, there is a shortage.

My work team bought very special sensors worldwide, but still no stock

If people want to know... I think this is what Brian refers to as an "accidental" global supply shortage:

Then it was time for Hackaday to purchase all 38mm Kingbright common anode 8×8 LED displays (red and green), and Voja had to rotate some common cathode compatible badges and rewrite the software to automatically detect which displayed it.

And there are only 270 badges. This is why the next iteration has a loose LED matrix.

I admit to buying a few rolls recently...but not because of this.

There happen to be 1k and 10k resistors, sometimes 100k resistors dominate my design, I use 1206 or 0805. I may get some reels with other values, but basically, maybe there are 10 values, I don’t see that I have bought a lot of reel resistors in great demand. Although there are many commonly used values, I don’t take up much time, so the price is 10 Australian dollars each time, why not?

I actually encountered quite a problem when I got a cut-off resistor at 0805. I didn’t have any problems at all before. This caused panic among the manufacturers. I rushed to buy them directly from many manufacturers to prevent embarrassment and Time-consuming mass production

According to Digitimes, “Yageo is cutting the production of cheap chip resistors to focus on high-margin niche market components for automotive, IoT, and other industrial uses.”

I know that AEC Q200 certification may increase the requirements for automotive parts and reduce costs, but why do you need any special passive components for IoT devices or standard industrial applications?

It looks more like they want to (ab-) use their global market power (they have approximately 30% market share in passive components) to drive price increases and satisfy shareholders...

The shortage of MLCC is real. We have heard from all suppliers, not just Yageo. Some publishers still have sufficient inventory, but do not trust the prices on their websites. It changes every day. The resistance is not bad, but it will definitely rise. We buy most resistors and capacitors from American manufacturers. If there is no inventory, it is usually possible to produce commercial-grade products at a price of 1-2 weeks and military products (including aging) at a price of 3-4 weeks.

It can probably explain why from the 6 0805 reels I recently ordered from Farnell, I only received 0R.

Although I may accumulate 5000 items for 5000, it is basically a MOQ... and I don’t think I will accidentally cause a shortage of supply :)

Hey MB, who is an American company that produces commercial grade resistors for 1-2 weeks and military resistors for 3-4 weeks (including aging)? Is it Vishay? The offer I got from them is much longer.

It looks like this started in October and will continue until at least mid-2018.

. It may be related to the recent currency fluctuations or China's debt bubble. No matter what method you take, the era of cheap Chinese-style products will soon end.

It will only move to other countries such as Vietnam or the Philippines.

This reminds me of the 4000 series of logic chips about ten years ago. Several large manufacturers have decided to use their fab capacity for higher costs than packaging, and the price increase is enough to induce at least one of them to return to production.

"There is no other industry on the planet that can randomly buy anyone's things. I did this by accident."

Do you have an article about this story? I want to read.

Or is it like buying 10 raspberries on the first day?

Dennis, the answer to your question about the company that produces 2wks (commercial) and 4wks (military) resistors is not Vishay. It is the RCD component of New Hampshire, USA. They are one of the old timers that started 50 years ago.

Very useful when looking for replacement parts for out-of-stock capacitors.

The shortage of memory and multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) slowed the delivery of customer premises equipment (CPE) products. As a result, CEO Bruce McLelland said on today’s earnings call that some production will be transferred from the second quarter to the third quarter. "

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