0.1uf ceramic capacitor

The history of Fender Deluxe amplifiers can be traced back to the beginning of the company, but by the mid-1960s, they became almost unrecognizable compared to the amplifiers of the Tweed era. Let's take a look at what happened in the first half of the 1960s and compare amplifiers from the era of brown and black panels.

by the time

In 1963, the Deluxe Reverb was launched, and there is almost no similar thing to the first Tweed Deluxe (5A3 in 1948). In the following years, with the gradual development of circuits, appearance, output power and on-board functions, many other luxury models were also released.

The last Tweed Deluxe series was produced in 1961. In the same year, Fender completely changed the Deluxe amplifier. This is the new look of the new decade. The tough brown Tolex covers a larger pine cabinet, and the front panel has a brown control panel with a clear white label.

The round brown "cupcake" control knob replaces the old chicken head, but retains the two channels of Tweed Deluxe. Fender eventually admitted that no one had plugged a microphone into their guitar amplifier, and the new channel names were "normal" and "bright".

Until 5E3 (including 5E3), all Fender Deluxe have undergone cathode bias. The brown Deluxe is the first model with a fixed bias of 6V6. This gives Fender the opportunity to modify the Vibrolux Tweed oscillator circuit and make the 6G3 the first Deluxe with onboard vibrato.

The brown Deluxe also opened a new era for speakers. Ceramic Oxford gradually replaced alnico Jensens, although our test subjects are now equipped with alnico

ruby. Except for the replacement leather handle, the amplifier is close to mint in appearance and is completely original in appearance. There is no guarantee that the amplifier is in a similar real state electronically, so let's look inside.

Apart from a compassionate recovery and some security enhancements, almost no electronic work is done. Most of the original blue Ajax signal capacitors have disappeared, but the SoZo replacement looks important, and the wiring of the cloth cover is almost new.

All electrolytic capacitors are substitutes, except for a resistor on the bias board, all resistors are original carbon composite materials. The Mallory 150s also replaced two tremolo capacitors, luckily the power cord is grounded.

For the 6G3 circuit, Fender has used the post-output transformer negative feedback in Deluxe for the first time since Tweed 5C3. The 5E3 zero-gain cathode phase inverter was abandoned due to the long tail pair type, and its 12AX7 can push the power tube to overdrive.

The bright channel is different from the normal channel in only two components. The latter has a 0.1uF capacitor on a separate tone control instead of 0.2uF. There is also a 0.002uF bypass capacitor across the plate resistance of the first tube of the normal channel, which dumps some high-pitched components to the ground.

The two channels rejoin before the shared second gain stage through two 220k mixer resistors. These effectively separate the two channels and eliminate the volume control interactivity that many players use to move 5E3 to wilder areas. The final adjustments include a more robust GZ34 rectifier tube, which increases the B+1 voltage to a nominal 375v. This, in combination with a fixed bias, increases the power from 15 watts of 5E3 to 20 watts.

With enough clean headroom and volume to adapt to today’s performance environment, coupled with rich onboard spring reverb and vibrato, lightweight portability and sweet speed when pushing, it’s no surprise that many players will use Deluxe Reverb As the ultimate Fender power amplifier.

However, not all black panel luxury reverbs are the same. Our first task is to figure out which model it is. The first version of the deluxe reverb was AA763. Fender then made some minor modifications to increase the net headroom, including reducing the value of the tail resistor from 27k to 22k, and changing the value of one of the board resistors from 100k to 82k.

The reverberation mixing resistance was increased from 4.7M to 3.3M to reduce the dominance of the reverberation level, and the grid braking resistor was reintroduced in 6V6s to control blocking distortion and improve overdrive characteristics. The value of the mid-end capacitor of the tone stack has also been changed.

Finally, the cathode resistance on the driver side of the tremolo valve was increased from 56k to 100k, and the model name was AB763. It is considered the ultimate version of luxurious reverb, which is what we have here.

Around 1967, CBS introduced new silver cosmetics, which further changed the circuit. Many players like the earlier version. It is very common to convert the silverface Deluxe Reverbs to a black panel specification.

There is an'OD' stamp on this Deluxe Reverb tube map, which corresponds to April 1965. The chassis number and the original transformer code are consistent with this, but the power transformer is a modern alternative to TAD.

Fender's standalone reverb was introduced in 1961, and by 1963, the on-board spring reverb was incorporated into the amplifier. The fender just sticks to the established model name and is labeled "Reverb" at the end. The Deluxe Reverb cabinet is wider than the 6G3 cabinet, and the difference between the circuits is so large that it is completely redesigned. But here, we will limit ourselves to explaining the key differences.

The long tail phase inverter and the fixed bias 6V6 power tube pairing are retained, but the 12AT7 phase inverter tube is used instead of the 12AX7. The nominal value of the 6V6s board is 415v, which actually exceeds the recommended maximum of 6V6s Voltage, and Fender added shielding resistance and current limiting resistance.

The vibrato has been completely redesigned, instead of acting on the power tube bias, it is applied to the preamplifier stage of the vibrato channel before the phase converter. Unlike the brown Deluxe single triode tremolo circuit, the black panel design uses both sides of the 12AX7 and optocouplers, which combine the light source and the photoresistor.

The spring reverberation feed is after the sound stack. The 12AT7 is configured as a spring disk driver in parallel, and a single 7025 transistor stage is used for signal recovery before recombining the reverberation and dry sound signals through the reverberation level control and mixer resistance.

The normal and vibrato channels are just similar to some extent. Reverb and tremolo are only applied to the tremolo channel, and there is a 47pF bright cap on the volume control of the tremolo channel. Reverb lowers the signal level, so the vibrato channel also has an additional gain stage to make up for the difference. The effects and extra brightness cause most Deluxe Reverb owners to ignore the normal channels.

All these features are important, but the Deluxe Reverb sound stack has the biggest difference in all sounds. For the reverberant and non-reverberant black panel deluxe version, Fender uses more complex treble/midrange/bass tones-although the midrange is fixed.

When the treble and bass are zero, the frequency response is nominally flat, but when both are set higher, it is often called a "midrange." In fact, once it has gone through the second stage of gain, it is more like a boost in bass and treble.

In terms of appearance, the state of this Deluxe Reverb is not as good as our 6G3 Deluxe, but from an electronic point of view, it is closer to the factory specifications. There is a complete blue Ajax signal capacitor, and only the electrolytic cell is updated. Two 1R resistors have been connected between the 6V6 cathodes to facilitate the bias setting, and the preamplifier board resistors have been changed to keep the noise level low.

Thanks to the factory selector switch on the rear panel, the amplifier has also been safely grounded and powered by British utility power. The Oxford 12K5-6 is probably the original speaker, but the Eminence GA-SC64 here is a suitable modern replacement.

At some point, most of us may have played luxurious reverb or something similar. This cannot be said for the rare brown Deluxe, because it was a stopgap measure made by Fender between 1961 and 1963.

6G3 Deluxe is even disposable against the background of the brown fender. That is

Early use of brown Deluxe

Album and

Is a loyal fan, some people regard these amplifiers as mini

Disguised as a mudguard.

The main reason is that the first tube has a 220k plate load resistor instead of the usual 100k unit, and the cathode shares a 1.5k resistor. This will cause the front end to be very hot, similar to the blond Bassman, so the brown Deluxe is very prone to speeding.

use

It can clean up to about three, and by then it will be quite loud. It's a warm and clear tone, with such a high touch that we never played a 1960s Fender amp, which makes us feel closely related to music.

The vibrato is deep and strong, but never interferes with the front of the note, or when you want to do some punching and definition, it seems to be the wrong stage in the loop. The perfect swamp.

Pushed above three points, when the tone is smooth, blooms and eases to an incredible duration, it surpasses heaven. A lot of overdrive can be used, but it does not have the violent fluff or clumsiness of 5E3, and it combines better.

We found that the Marshall analogy can be misleading because it is largely based on 6G3’s need for speeding. The brown Deluxe tone is more cultural, there is no hissing, and there is a cream-colored denture roar. Even with the Celestion, it will not sound like "British".

To make the most of it, you need to get used to volume and tone control interactions. Both will increase the gain when turned up, but the volume control will also increase the circumference, and the tone control will emphasize the treble frequency.

This gives you some room to set the volume, treble and overdrive, and subtly adjust the midrange. The normal channel sounds the same but darker-although it is not the most versatile amplifier, the core tone is so amazing that it hardly matters.

Entering the luxurious reverb, setting the two channels to be the same can show that the extra treble does not necessarily equal the extra clarity. We found that the tone of ordinary channels is fuller, more "straight-through", and has a naturally balanced quality, but there is no difference between the worlds.

The tremolo channel is shining and has sweetness in the high pitch response, never burning. use

This is an undeniably beautiful combination, the reverberation is large, deep and three-dimensional. It also integrates seamlessly with the drying signal to create a perfectly unified whole.

Vibrato has a vibrating sound quality, and has a fairly fast attack and decay time.​​​ The vibrato loop may require attention, as the effect will disappear before reaching speed

 Frequency, we may prefer a slower setting, or even slower.

But this is not about swamp pulsations that rhythmically pull on the heartstrings. Of course, this is a classic effect-combined with reverb, you can immediately recognize this effect from countless classic recordings-but overall, we prefer the sound of the brown Deluxe tremolo circuit.

With Strat, everything on the volume control can be kept tidy until about seven o'clock. In addition, the comfort and continuity of speeding has been enhanced, but it will never become so "heavy". We do find that we need the help of pedaling to push things into the SRV field. Insert one

When using P-90s or humbuckers, you will find that there is indeed a good place in the volume control. Compression and decomposition will compete between 4 and 5.

The luxurious reverb provides universal tone shaping, exquisite sound quality, super sweet speeding, pedal platform applicability and evocative car effects. This is an important milestone in the history of Fender amplifiers, but as a general-purpose guitar amplifier, it is still difficult to beat.

In contrast, 6G3 Deluxe is essentially a stepping stone between the tweed era and the black panel era. It is more rooted than the country, and more like the Houston than the Twang of Tennessee. Deluxe Reverb is obviously a more complex and iconic amplifier, but if Fender only adds spring reverb to 6G3 and asks to spend some time on Deluxe development, that would be great for us.

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In the world of electronic manufacturing, bad luck has been shrouded in a faint shadow. Finding parts is becoming more and more difficult, and the parts that can be found are expensive. No, it has nothing to do with the tariffs imposed by the United States on Chinese goods last summer. This is a question of no scapegoat. This is the core issue of any economic system. This is a shortage of capacitors and resistors.

When we first reported

, Things are fine for the time being. Yes, the major manufacturers say that they are splitting the production lines until they can be profitable by restarting them, but they are relieved: the parts are in stock and the cost is not that much.

Now, this is a different story. We are in a capacitor shortage in 2018, and we don’t know when it will get better.

The news about the shortage of chip resistors and capacitors has arrived early this year.

. The best reason for Yaego to act is that the price of SMD resistors is already too low. There are a large number of chip resistors and capacitors, and the inventory is simply not fast enough. There is a lowest price to make resistors economically. The price of each resistor seems to be above a few tenths of a cent.

When we first saw the impending shortage of resistors and capacitors, several things caught people's attention. First, it is almost impossible to correctly calculate the inventory of a single value capacitor or resistor among all manufacturers, markets, and distributors. The microchip resistors and capacitors are called jellybean components for a reason: if you need a 1MΩ, 5%, 100mW, 0603 resistor, that is actually all you need to know. But this does not describe a single inventory department-it is still far away. The distributor will list the same part three times, one is the tape, one is the cut tape, and the other is the complete roll. There will be subtle differences between parts between manufacturers, such as temperature coefficients. And some manufacturers may not make 1MΩ, 5%, 100mW, 0603 resistors, but choose to incorporate 1/8W resistors (unless you use them as heating elements, these resistors are the same). In short, if you want to build a device that requires 1MΩ resistors and dissipates 100mW, and needs to use a 0603 package, there is actually no way to know how many resistors can be used in the application.

Second, when there is news of a shortage of resistors and capacitors, inventory levels are still very, very high. You can buy ten million identical resistors from the same manufacturer. It will take some time for inventory levels to drop. When the heroine declared bankruptcy in 2012, Twinkies did not magically disappear. It took a few days for the Ding Dang family to disappear from the shelves. It was a story that was very attractive to social media and attracting public snapping up. Resistors are not as sexy as Twinkies at all. The engineer will buy them when needed.

Considering these two items together, we can understand the shortage of passive components.

We first learned about the shortage of passive components. The data comes from FindChips Pro data on Yageo RC0603JR-071ML thick film resistors (disclosure: FindChips Pro is a tool produced by Hackaday's parent company Supplyframe). In August 2017, approximately 10 million such resistors were available in all distributors. In February 2018, there were 6 million. Today, there are more than 2 million. Power levels are falling, and the prices of these resistors are slowly rising.

Just as it is impossible to determine how many 0603 resistors are available, it is impossible to say what the general trend of these passive components is. In the absence of data, we can look at an anecdote, in this regard, I can tell you that there is a shortage of capacitors.

On June 18th this year, I ordered a 50V, 0.1uF, X7R, 0805 capacitor reel from Mouser. I didn’t notice that they were out of stock, so 

. Since then, the order has been delayed twice, and now I hope to deliver the capacitor on March 25, 2019.

The biggest news in the field of electronic component procurement is the tariffs imposed by the United States on Chinese goods. These tariffs seem to be easy scapegoats, but this shortage has nothing to do with tariffs. There may be reasons to believe that tariffs have little effect on inventory levels-just because something costs more does not mean you will not be able to buy it, it will only cost more. No, for electronics manufacturers, the greater threat is the availability of resistors, capacitors and diodes. These boring but vital components can be found in every electronic device, and anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that we are in shortage.

The fact is that the thoughtful discussion about the shortage of capacitors is 

Like

Homework problems. The price of existing inventory is half a cent, and the factory can only make a profit by selling its small parts for a tenth of a cent. Factory owners can change the small parts they want to produce, or they can give the factory some downtime until it is profitable to produce small parts again. This seems to be what is happening with jellybean parts.

So, how does the engineering community cope with the shortage of these jellybean parts? We would like to hear from the Hackaday community about resistors, capacitors or any electronic components that cause you to face shortages when ordering. Please share your experience in the comments below.

But the question here is: what happens when prices rise and the factory opens again? Availability increased and prices fell again. It seems very simple. Yageo also took the risk that some other supplier IS could operate the factory at a slightly cheaper price and occupy the market when it was absent. In any case, this is not a risk-free game.

Ideally, the factory would calculate the actual cost of part runs, put the runs into inventory, and then shut down again for a period of time. But this is machine time, floor space and periodic labor. It's too hard to justify. A savvy company will only produce a few parts in a series and rotate them throughout the series so they can "work hard" based on the popularity of a particular value/scale and allocate production time proportionally. Another problem is that too many companies in space make the same parts, as if two gas stations are opposite each other... aggressive price warnings only cost a few tenths of a cent.

Even smarter industries will unite and coordinate, such as "Panasonic makes x-series electrolyte. Yago changes 0805 from x ohm to y ohm."

> Smarter industries will come together...

Do you mean to create a cartel?

"A smarter industry will unite and coordinate, for example, "Panasonic will electrolyze the x series. Yago changed 0805 from x ohm to y ohm and so on. "

This would be very illegal.

Well.. If this is serious, then this is a good reason for amateurs to re-embrace the hole components and start participating in the carnival.

What am I talking about when commercial manufacturers mostly stop using old stocks, where do you think all old stocks go? Just two days ago, I watched a vendor in a local grocery store sell someone a cardboard box filled with about 3 cubic feet of old and new electrolyte. I'm sure that for most amateurs, this is an unforgettable life. I think it sold for 5 dollars.

Okay, that's not where most things go. Most of it may have entered the landfill, but there is enough margin to keep us busy for a long time. But this will not be forever. These sellers are tired of dragging those old unwanted parts. Many of them are also retiring. I saw a lot of people throw away things at the end of the show instead of putting them back in the trailer and taking them home.

And, most importantly, you don't need a PCB to make a prototype! Remove the dust on the solderless breadboard!

it is good. I know that many parts are just not in the through holes, but so what. Nothing can stop the fusion of the two. Yes, I know, they are bigger. Does everything you do need to be in your pocket? Don't like drilling? Well, do most of you make PCBs by others? The PCB production site I saw did not see the charge of each hole. Oh, are you making your own PCB? It's good for you! When CNC helps you drill, go drink beer or Bawls or something!

Oh yes, I want to add that the boxes for buying hats I mentioned are by no means uncommon. I have been watching!

Agree with all points. I have one or two life-span resistors, and almost as many capacitors, all sorted into a single plastic drawer. Few of them come from Digikey or Mouser. Instead, most people come from hamsters and other amateurs who are tired of having too much on hand.

I agree. Through holes and even point-to-point are the best choice for diy projects. Dumpster diving always provides parts. Most SMT stuff (parts from discarded circuit boards) is unusable to most people.

Speak for yourself. Many of us are building DIY projects, and this is not feasible in through-holes.

If I live near any of them, it would be a good source. I'm happy to pay shipping for that $5 box, but in rural areas, these otherwise thrown away boxes may also be unicorns.

Although if you wish to get rid of one or two problems, I am happy to remove them from your hands.

"Now, this is a different story. We are in the "capacitor shortage in 2018" and we don't know when it will get better."

At which point did you jump out of the window?

If a shortage of capacitors causes you to do this, then I think you should seek help. Again, many of us don’t long to talk to people. I think you should ask Eliza questions.

>Hello, this is Eliza.

*I am worried about the shortage of capacitors.

>How long have you been worried about the shortage of capacitors?

*My attention starts today.

> I get it.

*If the situation gets worse, I may jump out of a window.

>Come, come, clarify your thoughts.

*If I cannot obtain capacitors, then I cannot manufacture electronic products.

>How do you know that you can't get capacitors and you won't be able to make electronic products?

*If there is no capacitor, the circuit will not work.

>It's fun.

*You did not help. I will speak out on the Hack blog every day.

>Can you believe that I am not helpful?

????

love it.

I always show people that my editor has a built-in psychotherapist. If you open the menu (F10, maybe right-click), it's under the "Help" category, which I find interesting. Indeed, an editor can manage your life.

User reports in Mac OS System 7

I'm lost. It must be the rock on which I have been living. What is Eliza, where does he/she/ come from?

ELIZA is a pioneering "chatbot" project that began in the 1960s. It was introduced as a "computer therapist", it will ask a lot of open questions, or repeat what it tells them to users. It is a landmark tool that has had a long-term impact on computing culture (and imitation...)

Obviously, you can get the version that runs in emacs :)

You can read more on Wikipedia.

interesting! It reminds me of a science fiction paperback book I read decades ago. I have forgotten the name a long time ago. It features an electronic psychoanalyst named Siegfried. The protagonist usually makes fun of it, but it can end in the book. Solve his problem at any time. . It's funny, I just hope I can remember the name. Compressed the memory and did another job for Ziggy, the robot shrank, maybe?

@kmpres: Frederik Pohl's "gateway".

In 1992, "Dr Sbaitso" of Sound Blaster 2.0 Pro was in your life.

@jjonas: That's it! Sigfrid von Shrink is the name he gave to his computer analyst. If Eliza has offspring. Great story, thank you for returning it to me!

In production, I just ask the fab to purchase those gummy ingredients. I do not have a situation where a specific specification is not available. Although I only need a few thousandths this year. For large-scale production, this may be a bigger problem.

The problem I have encountered countless times is that the specific part number I specified last year is no longer available, but there are always alternatives with similar costs.

I don't recommend this, it is the best practice to call out all parts on the BOM and make sure it works, and you don't need to call out multiple substitutes for troublesome parts before submitting the BOM to the manufacturer/before. Assembler. Since passive parts become obsolete every year, the design needs to be maintained continuously. You may not notice the problems in the production run, but when you scale up, problems will arise.

That's what we did. unconsciously. We specified the parts, and then the fab chose different parts, which finally caused the ceramic capacitors with too low rated voltage to short-circuit.

I am glad that I have a lot of stock on my bench.

We have made sure to produce what you need for several years, and good luck to the rest of you, especially the DIY manufacturer company that can spend hundreds of thousands of extra to fix parts.

The bigger problem is automotive grade parts (AEC-Qxx designation). Some parts are out of stock around the world, and large auto suppliers have paid the price for casting production. This makes it even impossible for smaller companies to produce products. On things like 0.1uf and 1uf capacitors, I seem to have common resistor and capacitor values ​​with 30-50 weeks lead time.

According to experience, if you are not a car company or supplier, please do not use any car parts, otherwise it will only burn you. They almost always have a 6-week delivery time, and most of them are out of stock. Do you know why? New cars are produced every 6 months, and new models are produced every year.

Ever wondered why I might need automotive-grade parts? Isn't everyone making LED throwers or complex LED cubes?

Our company designs and produces mechanical testing and measuring machines, which are so large and powerful that they can be used as heavy machinery. We manufacture laboratory and industrial grade machines (separate drill bits) from small to large. We do not use these auto parts, and have passed all global regulations, our system is functionally safe and industrial grade. Our embedded control system is also redundant at the hardware level, but there is no AEC-Qxx name for any component, so it is not so dry. Failure analysis and derating as well as correct system design can eliminate your dependence on certain parts without sacrificing performance. Or you might have a crazy app, but I’m not thinking about it, but someone from IDK

Indeed, functional safety does not require AEC-Q components. But maybe Evilc66 works in the automotive industry?

My product can withstand ESD shocks of +/- 27KV, and we will not disturb the car parts.

When it is profitable to make them, they will be manufactured; at the same time, we just raise the price of the finished product to account for any increase in supply costs. It may not be Tarifs, but inflation is good.

I hate someone buying one or two reels during the processing of your purchase order. It happened to me many times.

In general, take care of the design and reassure the pcba house that yes, they can use yageo instead of multilayer resistors in that place.

Ensure design flexibility.

It was painful for us all summer, but after the carpet was yanked dozens of times in 4 months, we had purchased all the parts.

As EE, I design circuit boards. These circuit boards are produced by contract manufacturers and mass-produced. The shortage is not limited to capacitors and resistors, but also other components such as ESD protection diodes and LEDs. Sometimes it is not enough to list more than 3 alternatives into a single part. We basically took the approach of buying as many parts as possible to ensure that our supply chain remains uninterrupted. Since the parts we purchased exceeded our needs, it was ridiculous that this further exacerbated the shortage.

It can be seen as a shortage of IPv4 and it can be traded.

NXP brought us a heavy blow. The factory failed to provide parts in time for production. When the problem came to our table, we learned that the delivery time of Kinetis K10 was 48 weeks. Delivery time is about 40 weeks. We had to redesign our products instead of using any NXP products... We also had to exchange between different parts between batches based on the products available (mainly LDO and bottle caps).

So far this year, the BOM size is about 120 components, and about 16,000 units have been produced.

To get 100mW from this 1 Meg resistor, you will need to apply 316V across it. But most 0603 resistors have a maximum rated voltage of only 75V, so...

Moreover, 0603 will not dissipate 100mW.

Make sure it will dissipate, depending on the resistance and voltage. And 0603 will dissipate for a long time without overload.

That's right. The advantage of surface mount components is that they are always mounted on the heat sink-pad and PCB.

My shortage of goods is free time

+1

The entire reel.

You can buy time on the reels! ? !

Then I need a new distributor, because that's great!

Don't worry about inventory: it is only available during reel time.

"Resistors are not as sexy as Twinkies at all." This is because Twinkies have a longer half-life.

"Resistors are not as sexy as Twinkies at all. Engineers will buy them as needed."

Hmm...How many flavors of cream are there? And how many resistance values?

Can't you expect "engineers" to buy them all? Become real!

Especially when there is absolutely no reason to store these most basic components!

Even if there is a reason for this, and all "engineers" do it from the moment they hear it, can personal hoarding really solve the problem?

The resistors are correct, but 90% of the capacitors used in today's products are 100 nF or 1 uF.

The shortage of capacitors has been painful! We verified and approved the replacement display inventory, but found that the replacement is not available now...and so on. For "older" passive devices (for example, larger 0805, 1206 and/or lower voltage ratings and older dielectrics), the problem is more serious. The usability of 0402 and smaller versions will be better. That is where the factory allocates its capacity to serve the consumer market.

If your parts are on a shipping dock anywhere on the east coast of China, I have bad news...

Someone is going to be unemployed!

When they opened a container of counterfeit Watford crystals, I wanted to see their faces!

what is this? Is there an earthquake? There seems to be smoke in the air?

I think it is fog. My guess is that the ship has found the ground.

B ^)

No, that was 130MPH+ typhoon tossing around containers like Styrofoam cups.

These containers are strong. After draining the water and knocking out some dents, they will be as good as new.

Digikey shows 12 different reel models with 50V, 0.1uF, X7R, 0805 capacitors, and there is at least one reel in stock now, maybe it's time to cancel Mouser's order now?

I recently encountered a lot of problems when using high capacitance SMD capacitors. Obviously, this is difficult to do. My electronics manufacturer (which also provides components) reports that they have difficulty finding certain components. Fortunately, I am not producing high-volume products or very price-sensitive products, so I did.

I did find a large roll of 0805, 4.7uF capacitors on Mouser, so now my manufacturer already knows that there are more than 1,000 capacitors, so they will ask me if there are any components that can be used.

Rule of thumb: When possible, design to allow multiple sizes of spare parts. 0603, 0805, 1206-Combine them with through holes to achieve a common land layout.

You should also design as many values ​​as possible. In order to make the production line run normally, one of the substitutions I have to make this year is 100uF->150uF, because we can only get the latter in a short time.

In my design, most MLCC capacitor values ​​don't matter at all-they are used for signal coupling or power supply decoupling, and only the case size (which determines the ESL) is higher than tens of MHz is meaningful.

Of course, except for the prototype board or evaluation board, how to manually solder it? You cannot use a large footprint and place small parts on it, you must place them side by side. I can't waste so much space. Through holes are totally unacceptable. How should these be reflow soldered? Of course, I will use the smallest possible components.

Okay, yes, allowing the use of through-hole parts wastes a lot of space, but once you have a through-hole footprint, it is easy to place 1206 footprints between the holes and then overlap the 0805 and 0603 footprints on top of that. Except for high-voltage applications, there is really no problem with expanding the pads in this way. I have seen many products do this to allow the use of different IC packages to minimize the impact of supply chain issues.

About two months ago, once Digikey had 850,000 100nF capacitors in 0603, which may be the most used component in electronic products. This is their only 100nF 0603 SKU with almost 100 part codes. Within two to three hours, I saw the large lumps of food being eaten until it all disappeared. There was a talking point in my office that afternoon-"What is the current inventory level?"

I think the situation has actually improved, although you still need to quickly, fail and be flexible to find the parts you need. I noticed that the replenishment cycle is shortening; you can find the parts you need from at least one major distributor (Anglia, Arrow, Avnet, Digikey, EBV, Farnell, Future, Mouser, RS and Rutronik are my main suppliers) , And have patience and patience. I'm still very cautious, just in case this is just a consequence of the natural decline in summer demand.

Another advice for company buyers (not much use for hobbyists) is to get to know and work with your local sales representative and FAE. They can't turn water into wine, but they can adjust the schedule or try to get a few hundred dollars here and there, at least to keep the prototype work going.

PS: I am an electronic design engineer in the UK.

It is true that as long as consumers demand for products, electronic parts are needed, electronic parts will be manufactured, and electronic parts will be manufactured. They will make more Americans feel dissatisfied. They don't like how tariffs increase the cost of jointly restarting production in the United States.

Because if you are not willing to pay a few more cents for each part, would you like to pay an extra dollar?

After all, this may be related to Trump's import tariffs. I can see that some manufacturers in the United States expect the tax to fill their inventory of standard value components before the tax is set, because they know they will run out anyway. Combined with lower parts production, this will quickly dry up the market, especially for standard value parts.

The capacitor shortage started before the tariffs, and you might say that it exacerbated this shortage... Maybe, but I can’t believe it – most manufacturing is still going on in China, and the problem is obvious in China.

The shortage is due to allegations of collusion and price fixing against Japanese and Korean capacitor manufacturers. . The fixed price may only be due to the fact that the new Chinese bottle cap manufacturer has been cutting (and rumored to be losing) capacitors in Japan and South Korea for years. Japanese and Korean companies are the only companies that announced reductions in supply. This is a smart business move because it allows them to improve the food chain while allowing customers to place huge negative profit orders to China's loss-making leaders. Since the shortage started a year ago, at least one Chinese hat supplier has closed down... Long before Trump.

This summer, as part of a research project, I made 150 customized smart watches. Some small passive components will disappear and must be replaced once a week. IC (touch sensor) is obsolete, and electronic ink displays have become difficult to find. It is difficult to find the main MCU FRAM MSP430. LiPo battery enters and exits availability multiple times. I bought some of the parts we need on eBay, some from China, and some from small manufacturers that still have stock.

All this means that even if we open source the hardware and software design, it will be difficult for anyone else to make their own watches. They must redesign the circuit to replace parts that are no longer available, and may redesign the housing to fit the new parts (especially batteries and LCDs).

what? ? ! ! No inductor? Talking about resistors and capacitors but not about inductors is like saying "lion, tiger and nothing." Poor inductance, always treated like a red-haired stepson. No one cares.

My personal experience is that we may use 5 inductors on the BOM, including 80 resistors and 150 capacitors. On a dedicated multi-rail power supply, the number of inductors may be higher. If all ferrite beads are classified as inductors, this will help increase the number a bit. But in the end, inductors are not as common as other passive components in most electronic circuits.

Yes, very correct. Interestingly, I did not give this reason because they are relatively scarce, and inductors are also the least understood of the three, because they use a weird and weird magic, namely electromagnetics. :-)

Magnetism

FTFY

B ^)

BOM Cleanup -> Quotation -> BOM Cleanup -> Purchase Order -> More Parts Out of Stock -> BOM Cleanup -> Very Good

It requires more iterations than before, but we can make things. Haven't encountered performance obstacles yet.

Agree, although I have to go to Japan for some part, because that is the only supply. The prices are not cheap when you produce small quantities-they will kill you in transit. Then, the email will show the same parts as my normal supplier’s pending orders until next year. chaos.

It is understood from some suppliers that Octopart's RC0603JR-071ML inventory is still estimated to exceed 11 million.

Wow! Paul, I have never seen this website!

I'm confused. The shortage is due to excessive inventory. How does this work? If your inventory is reduced from 8 million to 2 million, does this mean that your inventory is less than before? Doesn't that mean they are still available?

This is not complicated. If you have 8 million inventory, and the weekly demand is 4 million, and there is a 4-week production cycle to restart production, then you are already in short supply.

I work for a large metering company. In addition to the current problems of TI, NXP and Vishay, we have spent a lot of time purchasing AVX, Yageo and Kemet. Our products are facing environmental challenges, and it is difficult for engineers to find alternatives, which can operate closely according to our requirements. Our normal suppliers kept their orders until they finally showed that they would not be able to provide support before they became clean. Fortunately, we have a backup supplier who can help, and we have been in trouble since April. On some AVX and Kemet series, our EAU ranges from 2 million to 36 million.

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When working on a project recently, I needed a capacitor of about 1000μF and studied my parts collection carefully. No luck there. At that time, I usually browse the garbage electronic products and computer motherboards I collect,

As far as I know, it has been around for a long time. It's okay, I think. I will go to RadioShack and...

Now, over the years, I have been accused of many things, but "deep" is certainly not one of them. However, at this moment I can only say that it is an existential crisis. Without RadioShack, at least not my status.

Even the hacker space within my reasonable driving distance. Of course I can order them online, but everyone wants to sell them in bulk, and it will take at least a few days to ship them. How many days? Who knows where I am interested in a few days. What should I do under these conditions?

Desperate times require desperate measures, so I got in the car and drove to the only place I knew I could buy with cheap electronic components: goodwill.

If you are not familiar with goodwill, then this is a second-hand store that sells all kinds of goods, usually just for a little bit. Although Goodwill’s inventory is usually mainly clothes, there is an electronic equipment section in the back corner of every location I’ve visited, where there are a bunch of worn-out VCRs, audio cassettes, tube TVs, etc. Basically, an old consumer electronic product, the owner feels sad that it cannot be thrown in the trash: you will find it here. Of course, goodwill is not unique in this regard. If you have a second-hand or thrift store in your area, they may be similar in size.

In a world without RadioShack, I suggest you become familiar with these types of stores and the products they tend to trade. If it is not something you cannot avoid, you should probably check it once a week. Because if you are not lucky enough to live in the hot spots of manufacturers or hackers, and are proud of not being able to choose junk, then a store like this might now be your RadioShack too.

During the journey, I found what I wanted without a doubt. There are many VCRs and radios around, each for no more than $5. If you are looking for a good source of through-hole components, then you may want to use older and cheaper hardware. High-end equipment will more likely have been converted to SMD components or other miniaturization technologies, which may make salvaging parts from them even more annoying.

If you want to rescue parts from old electronic products, you need to master the desoldering technology.

, But at a minimum, you will need some desoldering wicks. If you want to make yourself easier, buy a suction cup, or even better use a desoldering iron.

As far as I am concerned, I am very lucky. The VCR I chose is easy to separate and provides power on a removable module so I can remove it directly. The inside of it looks a bit annoying, most of the inside of the machine is covered with some kind of sticky yellow fluff. If I had to guess, I would say it came from the smoker's home. But for $3, we cannot be too picky.

The power source is always a large number of electrolytic capacitors, and it only takes a few seconds to determine a 1000 F capacitor that does not seem to swell. Keep in mind that the hardware you are using can be suspicious, and perform a careful visual inspection of all parts considered for inclusion in the project.

After removing it from the PCB, I can check it with a multimeter and find it is about 900 F, which puts it within the tolerance of this capacitor.

, Make sure you don’t run into all the troubles

In the end, I only spent a few dollars to get the capacitors I needed (plus other passive components and component loads pulled from the VCR). Of course, it is a better option than ordering a single capacitor online, but I still avoid it. There are no local electronic parts stores in my area now, and it may be time to bite the bullet and load a lot of passive components from eBay before I really need them. But having such a contingency plan will never hurt.

In this dystopian RadioShack wasteland, where do readers get the components? Are you lucky enough to live in an area where you can source parts locally? Do you want to buy in bulk online, just want to be able to predict the required parts? Maybe you are full

And how to build everything with everything in the trash can?

Let us know in the comments,

.

Desoldering is how I often spend a Sunday afternoon. No parts have been used. Or any parts solutions I purchased?

When I was young, I stopped at a TV repair shop (remember when the TV can be repaired?), then picked up some cases that were considered uneconomical to repair, and stripped their parts. I still have some parts.

Although I did get one of them to work and connect to my ZX-80.

The solution is to sort and store the parts well so that you know where they are when you need them. A few days ago, I needed a non-polarized 150uF capacitor. Guess where it came from?

When I started using electronic products (there was no nearby store and there was no online ordering situation), I did this, but now I understand which parts are on a typical TV PCB, so I only keep the assembled ones PCB and know where to find the parts I need. It is also a good source of resistors that can be used for load testing. With a voltage of up to about 12V, you can also solder on some leads and pour the resistor into a bucket of water to produce almost infinite wattage without creating a noisy fan or messing up the heat sink.

Does electricity flow through water instead of resistors?

Some will, but so what? Still a burden. Tap water is not a very good conductor, especially compared to 10 ohm resistors.

For a long time, salt water has been used as a ballast resistor for welding.

Once we did this deliberately: 0-100V / 2A PSU for load testing. We put two stainless steel plates (20*20cm) into a bucket of tap water. Change the load by changing the distance between the plates. Facts have proved that "stainless steel" will not maintain this state in this case. The contents of the bucket became reddish brown soup.

You may not know that not only are tube TVs still being repaired in some parts of the world, but when they eventually break down completely, all components have been desoldered, and the copper wire coil on the CRT tube is also unwound and carefully re-wound To speakers and electric motors. The market is not far from my home, and I see them doing this by hand from time to time.

Then reassemble some of these parts into the karaoke system and audio amplifier. If you understand what I mean, you can also buy the logos of major electronic brands. Sometimes, you will see something interesting, such as a Toyota speaker system or Microsoft certified pants.

I wish I could provide you with photos of Microsoft certified pants. Many jokes about security holes and patches. Well, we all have regrets.

Google told me that Microsoft made mobile phone charging pants in 2014?

I will definitely grab the photos of MSCE pants, I have a chance to get it next time :)

If you have never used any cleaned parts or new parts, then a good solution is to start a new hobby in electronics.

I occasionally make some basic audio amplifiers from donors. However, the loss of the "cheap" Radio Shack prototype board will be unbearable. Our Radio Shack just closed recently.

Since entering a hobby as a teenager 30 years ago, I have been repairing parts and electronic products that are damaged and unnecessary (man, it’s really been 30 years!?). Over the years, I have used these parts many times for maintenance and construction projects. My capacitors and resistors are organized in drawers according to the 10% series of labels, so when I need a part, I can easily find the right drawer. Whether the drawer actually has the parts I need is another question altogether, although I did clean out the small parts of the local Radio Shack when they went out of business, so my equipment is quite complete these days.

Our last Radio Shack was closed and they did not bother me. When I sent there to get PL259, I found it was closed. I have ordered some, but I won’t get it until next week. sigh.

At a certain point, we have 5 in the area. Plus three private suppliers (all are long gone).

Yes, the radio shed will also leave our area. I didn't expect good intentions, good ideas. Fortunately, there is a 45-minute walk to backup Skycraft.

Edison once said: "To invent, you need a good imagination and a lot of garbage." Or at least goodwill.

"There is still a lot of rubbish." Or at least in good faith. "

Are you a little redundant?

B ^)

This is the point. They store garbage for you.

I often use Mouser and other products, but sometimes you need it now. I only strip the parts when I need it, and don't try to fill the storage box of stripped parts.

You must live in the Orlando area.

I went to Disney earlier this week and ended my trip by crossing the town to Skycraft on Tuesday morning. They saved us 150 dollars in about 30 minutes. I have been there for the second time. Are you 45 minutes away? you. lucky. Bastard.

Yes, Orlando, less than 30 minutes from Skycraft. Living in the San Jose area in the past was a dream come true at least then. The happy aircraft is getting closer and closer to me. I will jump around more often and get the $150 discount too often. If you visit again, there is a great RC shop near Skycraft, which has more fantasy than before with RC airplanes hanging from the ceiling. gravesrc.com is worth a visit just to see what they have.

Reused parts can be compressed, but electrolysis is the most difficult part to remove.

To be honest, I used to think that salvage was the best thing ever-now I realize it is a waste of time. For 99% of passive components and ICs, if you include the time spent, buying new products will only be much cheaper. Unless you need something in the next few hours, digikey and mouser will provide reasonable prices and 2 days of turnaround time. This is the real need.

Having said that, I am totally willing to save linear moving parts, certain motors, lens components, vacuum chambers, etc., simply because they are hard to buy and expensive.

I totally agree, except for the two-day delay that allowed me to get out of trouble and enter another work week. My inspiration is almost impossible to continue working for another week.

Taking the time to redesign the way of inspiration can be a valuable investment. If you can wait a moment, you can use some very cool options. For example... if you are inspired, you can sit down and design a small PCB instead of trashing. Order PCBs from OSH Park, then order parts or put them in the shopping cart for batch processing with the next inspiration part. You can research each inspiration and take them all the way to the prototype. Later, the PCB arrived, and I found it exciting enough to make the project inspiring for assembly and testing.

Thank you macegr. I have no doubt that you are correct. If I can find a power reflow oven that is easy to use. Seriously, I saw the wisdom to change the project steps to get closer to the half-life of my inspiration

Sometimes it is difficult for me to be motivated. I follow Magler’s advice. PCB design is a useful skill, and you will eventually get a higher quality skill. You can also prepare some different designs anytime and anywhere at any given time, so when inspiration strikes, you can make any design. When submitting a PCB order, you will also submit an order for any missing parts. After a few weeks, everything is there and you can

I use a $20 electric furnace to reflow SMD components. You don't need a fancy oven controller or any such nonsense. Obtaining some low-temperature bismuth solder paste will also make it easier because the circuit board will not become hot before reflow.

Where did you rescue the vacuum chamber? ? ?

When I was very young, the salvage and sorting of parts made me familiar with them easily. Sorting resistors as early as possible helps me learn color codes.

Failed fluorescent electronic ballasts are a good source of high voltage components.

47 microfarad 250v and 50v electrolysis

.0056, .0082 micro Farad in 1250V metallized film

.24 micro Farad under 400V metallized film

1 microfarad under 200V metallized film

D13005 400V 4A switching transistor

and many more…

Just make sure not to separate them (if they are pre-1980 products), because they may contain PCBs, and PCBs are a shortcut to cancer.

Polychlorinated biphenyls are rare in consumer electronics. They are liquids and are usually only used in high-voltage (1000 volts and above) capacitors and transformers. The PCB capacitor will be a completely sealed metal unit whose size is much larger than an electrolytic capacitor with similar energy storage.

I think before 1980, there were almost no electronic fluorescent ballasts. Moreover, the cover containing the PCB is not mounted on the PCB: -) It has studs for mounting and is a phase compensation cover for the magnetic ballast.

Electrolysis is safe in this regard. But I will avoid saving them because they have a limited lifespan.

Unfortunately, this seems to be a self-fulfilling death spiral. Our local electronic parts have been folded, except for one place, all other places are still reserved for tax exemption. Inventory will not be replaced, but if you need an IC that has not been produced in more than 40 years, it is an ideal choice. When you move to 74 {LS, C, ACT, etc}, there are some pin assignments that are different in the 7400 series.

I think there should be an email distribution list of hackers in your area, in which case you can contact these hackers. I'm sure that dozens of people are close to me, and there may be things I don't have. If the "neighbors" website operates in your area, you may only need to make a call there.

CraigsList?

I think it must be based on push. Of course, I don’t go to CL or Hackday forums every day and check if I can give up my stuff, but if there is only my local hacker neighbor’s email list and it is displayed once or twice a day, I might look at it and see if Can help.

Every night I get a summary of the neighbor’s website, usually I look at it to see if I can help, or if there is something interesting in the classified information. A few weeks ago, someone wanted to cut it again with a tile cutter. I drag it out, set it up and let him know. The next day, six packs of beer appeared magically.

I remember that when the category column was opened in Hackaday, it was when there was a forum. It didn't take off at that time, but I want to know if the weather is right, and then try again.

You mean...

?

Deprecated! = Dead

Sorry to report your comment. The hovering thumb strikes again. Must move dam report button

Don't worry [Neorpheus]!

If you want to sell, there will always be a Tindie Flea Market.

I was lucky to keep driving distance with Tanner Electronics, and even luckier to have a girlfriend who knew the store and knew the parts I needed.

Tanner and Unicorn are a beautiful combination

Tanner Electronics should automatically calibrate to the church

It's okay they are too different. Electronic stores sell real things!

Almost my entire electronic lifestyle started with salvaging parts. The university where I live regularly conducts auctions, which is a gold mine of old computers and printers. However, when someone decides to clean up the laboratory, they usually put something surprising. Sometimes merchants will conduct sales or auctions. The advantage here is that you are not limited to consumer electronics.

I find that it is best to leave it on the circuit board until needed, unless you find that it requires several hours of desoldering treatment. The crucial question is to avoid getting yourself into trouble and let yourself be addicted to it. And I learned a lot of reverse engineering, and these interesting things came out my way.

This is very similar to the metal inventory you have on hand as a mechanic. You have lost the motivation to drive to the store or place an order. It's great to have an idea and complete the part design in a few minutes.

Now, my goal is to eliminate half of my garbage reserves. Maybe I can sell a 20-pound electronic trash can on Ebay?

I bought a miscellaneous electronic watch for $10 at a college auction.

One of them is a simply constructed "rodent respirator" that may be used on laboratory mice.

Another auction participant offered me a dollar, and I accepted it. A friend of his recently killed a mouse at work, and he planned to "give it away" to him.

In the same auction, someone bought an HP server in a half-height rack. He took out what he wanted, and I helped him carry the (heavy) relic into the trash can. When the shelf was upside down in the trash can, I noticed some neat casters on the shelf. So I removed them and built a furniture cart with 4 2×4 pieces, a piece of plywood and a carpet remnant.

Did you save the shelf? They are so useful!

I wish I had...

Especially the quarter and half height. 2/3 is also very convenient sometimes.

Is that for mouse-to-mouse recovery?

A date that will live in shame...

;)

When in college, some of my friends would go out and be bombed to commemorate "Pearl Harbor Day."

Ren: UM-Rolla TJ4N? If not, Pearl Harbor is of great significance to that school’s dormitory. The annual party started when the floor failed and fled the school, and a barrel of beer was set up. When I was a freshman, the attrition rate in the first year was about 50%. Unforgettable time...I am very happy to survive. I don't know whether this tradition will continue.

If this is a zombie apocalypse, compressing parts is a good choice.

However, as long as Digi-Key and Tayda Electronics are still running, this can be done. There is nothing better than getting what you really need at a reasonable price.

If I dismantle the old hardware to find parts, I will have to violate the minimum wage law and seek help from the State Labor Commission.

But you will learn a lot, or you can learn a lot. This will be a cheap education. Save Digikey and Mouser as unavailable content.

The relative value of time, labor, and money is very different for different people in different life situations.

For a child who does not have a stable income, the summer vacation is long and he is interested in DIY electronic product compression parts, which makes sense.

When that kid grows up to have a high-paying job and a family... free time is limited and most parts are cheap.

Later, he retired and had a lot of free time, but his income was fixed.

Of course, this model only applies to people living in wealthier developed countries. For some labor, it is always cheaper than money. For people living in wealthy developed countries, this may even be the case, but these people may have greater life problems, and these problems should be solved first before buying hobby accessories.

The problem is "reasonable expenses". It is not satisfactory to pay 18 dollars in shipping for some parts worth only 3 dollars. Therefore, if the item can be delayed, I can order it on AliExpress (price is 100 for one price) or try to stack scraps.

The goodwill around is often weak in electronic products. I think this is because our recycling is very easy, so people will not hesitate to bring e-waste to the transfer station. It doesn’t cost anything, or it’s already paid in our county tax bill, so people just do. Trash bins with e-waste are sometimes worth drooling-I have seen piles of server-class machines there, and if there is no "No Salvaging" sign and a watchful waiter, I would score a few points for scrapping.

Say hello to employees in different locations, and then for a short time (the boss is not around-you will know who he is then), they may surprise you. Then leave a "doughnut fund" of about $.

But if it’s busy, go ahead, they don’t want others to see others busy.

I think I have never seen goodwill for outstanding performance in electronics. They are usually about 95% of clothes, with a row of shelves in the back filled with dishes, lights, VCRs and alarm clocks. The advice on second-hand stores is reliable, but in my experience, things in non-chain stores are usually cool.

I know that an agreement can be reached to obtain items from the recycling center. However, you may have to register some kind of company.

I suggest people try to locate goodwill not far from one of the higher $$ real estate areas in their city. There is such a company in our town. I not only found many printers, scanners, VCRs, stereo receivers, amplifiers, etc., but also found many excellent working electronic devices, such as my latest Onkyo amplifier, TiVo activated for life, Golf GPS unit, professional DJ and audio equipment, etc. And it's always only a few dollars each time...unless there is a 50% discount every day, then this is really a bargain! ;-)

The same goes for animal shelters and garage/tag/yard sales...

Better communities have better picking.

But the video recorder is electronic! This article is about VCR.

I really don't understand why these e-waste recycling stations do not allow recycling. You think you can make a lot of money by offering the option of "$x per pound" (obviously the asking price is much higher than the price they get themselves), with the terms of no refund, no replacement, and no complaint More importantly, use the no-harddrives clause to facilitate data security considerations.

Lachute used to have an electronic product recycling/processing center, where guests could dig through their trash cans and pay a nominal fee for the salvaged items. For those who prefer electronic trash can diving, This is a magical wonderland.

I came across all kinds of products from full-size old line printers to broken avionics to every old and varied computer component. It is convenient to repair and find the hardware of EISA, MCA or PCI-X machines.

Sorry, they have terminated this service.

Because they are often searched by people looking for broken computers, and then pretend to be charitable organizations selling refurbished electronic products for African school children. They get money from real charitable organizations, put them in containers with broken computers, and then disappear again.

Our local e-consulting company comes to the office to pick up the goods. There is a warehouse there. If you want, you can pick up the song server here. The last time I went there, I bought 2 HP servers with 32 cores and 72GB RAM for $100. But don't count on disk drives.

A few years ago, I got a small cabinet with small drawers filled with Goodwill's old wirewound resistors. Sometimes it happens.

I'm stuffed

During college, boys liked to pick up rubbish on campus. I have bought a good variable autotransformer since the 1950s. I just need to replace it with a new fuse and do some cleaning (I also upgraded it with a grounded socket). I learned how to drive ordinary LCD glass displays. I got some Swiss NEMA 23 stepper machines and need to turn them into some kind of CNC machine tools. A netbook with dead battery and no RAM cover. I use it to run some home automation equipment. Need to repair PCB centrifuge. Waffle machine (!) That is a gold mine.

My previous college had a place on the loading station where students (mechanical, electronic and other aspects) could take over things.

That's the source of my 13-inch south bending lathe.

Next time the microwave oven needs to replace the door switch (I have replaced the bottom switch twice), I want to remember GW.

The high temperature hot air gun and pliers can quickly remove the components from the board.

This one. Add a metal biscuit board/cake pan to fix and catch the fallen parts. Some passive containers are collected through through holes and SMD.

A small pair of vices or surgical clips will grab and add enough mass to most through-hole drills, and you can use a heat gun to focus on the solder side. Once the solder is sufficiently melted, the part will be pulled out/dropped.

By clamping the PC board vertically and using a small butane torch with a flame diffuser on the back, I have had some success in removing large or multi-pin through-hole parts. Normally, I can loosen and remove the parts without scorching the circuit board, but what if I do?

The final method of removing PCB is wet soldering technique. It is much better than using dry heat. I have an electric soldering pan, but it is expensive. I saw a videotape on YouTube with a video of a Chinese man. He has a dish-shaped metal plate on his body and a gas burner underneath with some molten solder in it. To me, his device looks very economical. However, when you heat the boards like indoors, it is not really a suitable place. As you have already pointed out, it is easy to scorch the board and smoke. As far as the splint is concerned, I hold the plate with a pair of pump pliers. They can be held well and keep my hands sticking out of molten solder. Then use your other hand or needle-nose pliers or needle-nose pliers to pull the part from the board. I can pull out the parts as soon as possible. The real time-consuming aspect of all this is that I put together piles of parts. It may take me 3 days to sort all the parts pulled out in an hour. I haven't found a way to speed up work. Although using an AVR transistor tester will help.

The solder pot sounds great. It sounds like something a hacker space can have if it doesn't cause a dream of responsibility night.

For me, I don't save everything on the PC board. Just components that I might reuse. I almost never save surface mount parts (unless they are rare) because my eyeballs are stubbornly set as through holes. In addition, when removing parts, I usually do not test parts; I store salvaged parts separately from "good" parts and test them when they are in use. Save a lot of time; -) Of the repairable semiconductors I have tested, I found that more than 95% are OK.

I also used a butane torch-but never left a PCB of toast :-) Therefore, a heat gun is much better.

So I heard it. When I tried it, my house was burnt and smelled bad.

If your name is "Shrek", I don't think you will smell bad smells in your house.

Do not use a heat gun to heat the components, but only the solder side:-) At least for the through-hole filler.

I clamp the board in a vise, then grab the component (if THT), gently pull and heat the back. Set the heat gun to 360 to 400°C instead of blowing to 600°C

Yes, at Goodwill, the power supply is usually only one or two dollars, but this is a bit like a handbag.

The best ones are products that are "UL certified", and the blanks of these products are marked with fuses and the like.

I only recommend goodwill based on the fact that it is a profit-oriented company. The money they earn from sales will not be used to help those in need. Their only claim is that they provide work for the community. Please make changes to your article in the hope that the author agrees that "good faith" is false. The Salvation Army and UN-Habitat are the best places for you to purchase hardware, because the proceeds they get from the purchase are directly used to help those in need.

The whole purpose of goodwill is to provide jobs for people who would not otherwise be unemployed. That is the service they provide. This is not fake, it is not about a charity like the Salvation Army. Each of them has a purpose and helps people in different ways.

+1

The Salvation Army is a bunch of hypocritical homosexuals. If you support them, you may also support Roy Moore.

Shopping in a for-profit store is better than building a store financially for religion IMHO

GA!

In my experience, the Salvation Army provides critically needed services to the poorest and poorest people in the community, and they do so without considering the religious beliefs or sexual orientation of the needy. Except for praying before meals or holding a service for anyone who wants to attend, they did not impose religious restrictions on anyone's throat. They are also quite effective. Most of the donations are used for actual services.

As far as "Christians" are concerned, the Salvation Army is as far as possible from Roy Moore.

I am not religious, but I am happy to donate money to support the Salvation Army. Before we finally agree that we all share the responsibility to help and support the poorest of us, we need groups like them.

/ derail

"Except for praying before a meal or holding a service for anyone who wants to attend, they did not impose religious restraints on anyone's throat.

At least "pray before meals", "to inculcate religion toward religion." I mean: "Why do entities pray?"-I don't believe in God.

However, when I want to get something religious or charitable, I don't have to worry the least. I buy where there are and/or cheap

If you were having dinner at a friend’s house and they happened to say grace, would you rush off the table? control.

Why does your purchase have a good purpose? Don't get me wrong, it's cool if you can. In the same community, if a thrift store is both a charity and a for-profit store, then I would choose a charity first. But if they are not a charity, why do they have some kind of error? They act as a bridge between the things to get rid of and the people who need or want them. What's the problem with them getting paid for this?

Besides...Isolating the landfill for a while is a good reason in itself!

Yes, I am enough for me.

So, because the name is "good", will this money go to people in need? Literally, isn't it? I don’t want every dollar I buy to go to Colonel Sanders’ retirement fund every time I buy a bucket of chicken.

Jean Luc Picard doesn't know how to tell you, but if we stop shopping in every store where we want to make a profit, there won't be much. Instead of taking anything from companies that want to help people in need, the decision to only spend money on this is actually absurd (and unsustainable) for us.

Who doesn't have 1000uF capacitors scattered around? Only in 0.1uF decoupling capacitors, I may have so many.

I will win "Tom" for $200.

"Let it snow!"

S. Connery

Ah, so you and I follow exactly the same path. Indeed, I might think of twelve such ranges in a convenient box, and there are more on PCBs elsewhere. As I have already said, I now find that saving time on both ends only requires leaving the parts on the PCB. Scan the board faster to find what you need without having to conduct more desoldering sessions to reduce the number of boards. I just divide it into a few major categories: current logic boards, analog boards and power boards. Put the complete power supply into another box. I have a few large boxes full of wires, connectors and harnesses, and they are endless.

I think it depends on the brand, but cheap consumer electronics will be the hardest place to get parts, especially electrolytic materials. You are not after high-quality consumer-oriented computer equipment.

It took less than 2 minutes and I had 1000 uF in my hand (but what is the working voltage?) Every electronic hobbyist needs a decent garbage dump. Mine is 1000 uF 10v Japan Chemical Exhibition. For some reason, I have a lot of 2200 and 1000, which are rare. This is another 1000 UF 25 volt Computamite that looks like a fossil. Ah, this is another...

In order to avoid becoming a pathological ard collector, I had to do some training on what I kept. My current rule is that if I grab something (roadside/trash can), it must be useful immediately (perhaps after a minor repair), otherwise I must rescue the parts as soon as possible, so I not only have to store broken equipment. Fortunately, I found this kind of disassembly is very therapeutic. It is much easier to store 4 sorted parts in a container than all broken equipment.

This... Once I have a bunch of broken motherboards, they can easily occupy a space of 1000mm×1000m×400mm. (Some are old servers with full ATX motherboards...PII era.)

I went crazy with the heat gun, but only hit the spots on the PCB until the circuit board blistered and the parts dropped (many are SMD). These parts are now placed in a small plastic box covering an area of ​​about 400mm×300mm×100mm.

On the other hand, there are some things worth going together. Those switching power supply technologies, if you need one, can be obtained by using the entire tool. If any radio parts are used, IC or peripheral parts can be used. In addition, the original circuit provides IC pinout or other detailed information. Not for all, but sometimes.

Michael

Yes, I tested it with 10 100uF capacitors. If this is a real desert island, it's ok. But I tried to make the final result a little more professional.

Well, anyway, the old parts taken out of the VCR are like "professional" parts.

The price of 1,000uF is very cheap and can only be purchased on spot. It may also be electrolytic, which means salvage or even old and new parts are suspicious. Welding a bunch of small "decoupling" capacitors in series sounds great, but there will be parasitic inductances that may prevent it from working as required.

I mean parallel. Need more caffeine!

Parasitic inductance will be reduced by connecting capacitors in parallel.

I must have a capacitor of more than 1000µF. For example, it is 40 * 10000µF on a thick PCB or supercapacitor with a 2-digit F value. But I don’t have 10000 0,1µF :-)

A few years ago, I encountered this problem and solved it. What I did was to try to create capacitors of various sizes and voltages, which could be used as universal substitutes. The physical size of the capacitor is my biggest concern. Usually I find out if I need to replace something like 100uF@16V, and trying to squeeze the voltage of 100uF@25V in is very difficult. Therefore, use extra long leads or move some Things are very difficult. is compulsory. I even found the following situation: In terms of size, accurate capacitance and rated voltage substitutes are not a drop in substitutes.

In general, I will try my best to maintain various suitable voltage values. This accounts for about 50% of my repairs.

Another good source of information, if you have one locally and can be responsible for it through @ssholes, it is a garbage dump or recycling center.

People often discard old electronic products, especially old TVs. They are not wrong, everyone now only wants a flat screen. Moving the PCB out and discarding the rest can take up less space. Let the @ssholes running these places let you own them, which is another matter. Once, I can get them for free, or pay that guy a few dollars to let me own it.

I used to get flat-screen TVs from the garbage dump, repair them or use the parts in them. Now, I can't even sacrifice a goddamn goat for the goddamn @ssholes, or even get a goddamn cable.

It is also a good place to buy parts for washing machines and dryers. These controls and elements are not cheap when they need to be replaced.

Because my father-in-law works in one of these places, it really has something to do with me personally, and I have repeatedly pleaded with him why they should protect the garbage.

He can bring a rusty bicycle to my house to repair the kid for me (yes, yes...), but no, I can't break the law, break the rules and reject any of these TVs!

"What law?"

…………….

Needless to say, when he needs repairs now, I will bring him an old phone book with me.

Last time, when I put down some old electrical equipment, I saw a bunch of cables and grabbed them. In my area, I have seen them use people who have to perform community service as help. When a dumb and stupid fool is unwilling to show up next week, he will feel terrible and accuse you of being a thief. The cable was thrown away by others, and then after 5 minutes I saw the big truck being pulled up, grabbed the box, tilted it, and at the same time lifted it into the air, seeing everything inside sliding/colliding/cracking... …

I digress...

Anyway, I mean, if you happen to own one of these places locally, it might be worth a look to see if there is a place for electronic devices, how easy it is to access, or in the worst case, It's actually trying to be friends with someone or slip a few dollars to them to use it. They can't make enough money to brag, and depending on what you can get, the money thrown away will indeed last.

Yes, now my neighbor and I have been warned several times at the dump, don’t pick it up when we get off the car ;-)

There are several chain stores here, and their parking lots have open trash bins for customers to recycle. If I take out something, no one will open my eyes, so I can still check it occasionally.

Things that people will admire: wall warts and power supplies, IEC power cords, perfect USB cables...

Yes. Even fifteen years later, I have gotten interesting things in the sales of refurbished machines. The HP4P laser printer, which I have hardly used, sold for $15 at the garage auction of the local Rotary Club. But many of these sales have ceased. Electronic devices have become more and more common. If electronic devices do not work properly, they cannot make money from most people. However, checking electronic devices usually requires skills, and among volunteers, such skills may be lacking. I suspect that people complain about broken electronic devices in places like this because they don't know what to do.

Therefore, "waste recycling" got it. I see fewer electronic devices on the sidewalks, so people are learning to "dispose of them properly." But as you said, it is not limited to damaged items. They just want it, or they think it is "obsolete". Before, it had a second chance of life, but it has not happened yet. Therefore, it may be a collector’s item, or something esoteric (I bought a Grundig Satellit 700 portable shortwave radio, which is the best of the new products. It was sold at the Rotary Club auction in 2007 for $2.50 It is sold at a price, no one really knows what it is), or to keep the old computer running, or something that people without money can still appreciate (many digital cameras without megapixels at all).

I am worried that they will not be given a second life except for the obvious items (iPad and the latest computers). The value lies in gold and everything it provides. People may also use it for recycling, because they will not see its secondary use, some are too picky, they don't want others to get their things for free. A few years ago, some people speculated that this is a real business and they like to recycle. If I can't buy a second-hand GPS for five to ten dollars, then I must pay in full. I certainly want to know why some food establishments offer free items if you bring a MO3 player or something more valuable than pizza.

It would be great if the public had the opportunity to take what they wanted before being dragged away. When there is a collection, I want to stand, hoping to intercept things, but I may be eliminated. This system is suitable for ordinary people, not only the worn-out items they have not used, but also when it does not work, you may bring it back to the waste liquid system.

I was lucky to get to the right place at the right time when several electronics stores closed, so I got ICs, transistors, TV parts, etc. for almost life. Regarding capacitors, chips or expensive transistors, I can only get online services provided by their reputable suppliers, or NOS provided by remaining shops: cheap Chinese sold online are rubbish, and all IC/bjt have fake labels . Don't expect to buy thousands of 2N3055 (power BJT), 2SC1969 (a well-known spare part of CB radio) or NE5532 (low noise operational amplifier for audio) on Ebay/Aliexpress, and hope to buy only one genuine one. Chinese resistors and inductors are usually okay, and the materials (thin wires) are cheaper, but they usually work and are accurate.

When I was a child, I carefully copied the parts list on a piece of paper for my first few projects, and then went to the store I found in the yellow pages. It's a bit expensive, I almost know I have no choice. They did not work. Some of the reasons are my lack of soldering skills (this is a wood-burning soldering iron), but I don’t know if the replacement parts are suitable or if the pin arrangement is different.

Things started to work when I started to disassemble the parts, including the 99cent plank used by the local store to drive the Nixie tube. Twisting the very short leads together ensured that the problem was not my lack of soldering skills.

But it means that I have improved and learned enough to streamline parts and save money. So I always do this.

For a period of time 20 years ago, I found an early mobile phone for a few dollars, which contained interesting RF components, but the integration was low, so the familiar ICs (such as NE570 compressor and CPU) are mainly Through hole parts. I will carry some tools with me so that I can grab specific parts when needed. Power transformers can be expensive, but variable capacitors are few, so sometimes it's worth just pulling those.

About ten years ago, I had an "early" Powerbook. It didn't have a power adapter. It needed 24VDC. I remember that printers usually have a higher voltage, and the first inkjet I turned on had the required voltage and was on a separate component.

We have lost some windows. The use of variable capacitors can reduce the number of radios. Most power supplies are switching, so it is easy to find a power supply, but there are fewer transformers used to make linear power supplies. The clumsy cell phone has dried up. I rarely see TVs with analog tuners, and I rarely have a chance to find RF MOSFETs with leads.

Express mail order is a relatively new thing, and of course there are not many places in Canada to deal with hobbyists. Assembling parts is not only a way to save money, but also a way to source locally. In addition, it forces you to know the parts, what is needed and will work. When I can take a part and say yes, it really dazzles the high school kids.

But I have been thinking about the cousins ​​of my distant relatives, who have never met in the Colville Reservation in Washington State. I have never been poor, but never have enough money to buy books and hobbies. But I can always find second-hand books and parts because I live in a big city where there are many books. In more rural areas, especially if people without money can easily throw things away, I won’t be able to get them. Imagine those smart kids who cannot pursue things because they have no money and no chance to touch the rubbish in our city. This can be a real burden. Their limitation is not wisdom, but lack of resources.

Yes, everyone joked about Radio Shack until they were gone.

Where is your God now?

Our last electronics supply store is about to close. I did a mathematical calculation of the time required to buy and stay open. Very sad.

I'd better burn the money.

I have never joked about Radio Shack. I do complain that too many of them have become computer and phone shops, but there used to be a good selection of parts near me, from resistors to Arduinos. Of course gone. Delat

At the radio repair site, there are some trails that slowly stabilize those old catalysts. It should be clear at a glance so you know how to back them up. They said that as long as they slowly return to their original condition, most old bottle caps can work normally.

When I lose a storage point, I have to get rid of many parts. Finished the work of opening the case, pulling the power supply, battery holder and connecting cable, most of the rest was cast.

You cannot "stabilize" dry and/or expanded electrolysis. In switching power supplies, you must also consider low ESR capacitors. The standard will not last long.

I took time to get rid of the parts my father collected. Thousands of vacuum tubes are the least valuable, but some sell for more than $100 on eBay. When I touch resistors and capacitors, they are messed up.

shame. Look at what the old man Blasbla is doing.

A widow in the church said that next time I pass by, she will let me have the late husband’s TV vacuum tube and (vacuum tube) testing equipment. I am afraid that if I accept her proposal, my wife will be the next widow.

I extend my condolences to your wife. By the way, can I give you TV tube and TV tube test equipment? ????

Hit your wife with a plan: any working test equipment will become a goalkeeper, you will repair, strip or recycle things that are not working in a short time, and you will pick test tubes and then rest in ebay/hamfest/recycling.

When my wealthy uncle died 2 years ago, my aunt reduced the size and they provided me with his first choice of high-end stereo equipment. ReVox, Thorens, Altec-Laning...

I live in the Chicago Land area and there are many goodwill shops nearby...

My hot tip is to shop in affluent communities, trust me, electronics outside Wheaton or Naperville are cheaper than other areas.

Anyway, my experience...

later

My experience is just right! Except in another state. ????

You must be very careful when using old electrolytic capacitors. I haven't seen it yet, but a list must be made somewhere to show the mean time to failure of different electrical components and their shelf life. Depending on the materials used to construct them and their source, some obviously have a life span of several orders of magnitude longer than others.

But he was able to complete this project. He can take notes, so he knows that this is a reused electrolytic material. Of course, if the problem is the electrolysis treatment of the switching power supply and the high frequency on the numeral board, 60Hz will not have much effect on electrolysis.

The life of electrolytic capacitors depends on the quality, which is 1,000-20,000 hours. To make the old electrolytic capacitor put back into use after a long time, you must perform a process called "deformation". This is slowly increasing the current through the capacitor to rebuild the oxide layer on the foil. I have retrofitted decades of old capacitors and restored them to usable specifications. But I do live in a quite humid place on the earth. What I want to say is that the best old-fashioned capacitors will be made in Japan. I think all the western shots have been shot today. Rubycons is the best. I have seen Ruby over 40 years old still work. But recently I did have to throw away an old Ruby. It is being read as a resistor. So it disappeared. Needless to say, you should test any old parts that will be used in the new circuit.

I live in the darkest Africa, a 3-hour drive from the nearest town. I have a storage room called "Archives", where I store all the old garbage that may be useful. Minimize peeling as much as possible. For example, the computer power supply peels off the circuit board and packs it in a box with a fan. Space is a precious commodity. Conduct an annual assessment and throw things away. This will also help you keep informed about what you have and draw some good ideas from it. I love a good electronics store, it is hard to find nowadays, but always looking for it. Recently in London, I suddenly jumped into the Maplin I was passing by and found capacitors in blister packs, resistors of various values ​​and some RF adapters. involuntarily.

Because I am the only electronics person in the area, this may be a lonely business, but it does serve the local community.

Fun rather than profit. When you talk about the fun of repairing an inverter welding machine or how to use an old satellite dish to hack into 2 kilometers of unsecured wifi, how people open their eyes is very interesting. Today, poor electronics and software coding don't seem so cool.

Oh no, this is still cool.

I bet that HaD might be interested in an article about hacking in Africa, the darkest, and to what extent technology has affected the world.

When I pull out the parts, I only need to pull the Weller gun out of the holster. After a few seconds, the parts will be free. I can't see how people without guns (no NRA approval) live. Have you ever tried to return the middle pin connected to the housing on the regulator, and the regulator has been installed on the radiator with a pencil sharpener? I have seen so many self-desoldering voltage stabilizers on the board crashing, and their temperature is not high enough to cause a wave.

My favorite second-hand goods are the St. Vincent department store, where you can't buy things that are not good enough for high-end stores. The price of the DVD player and VCR is $5. Tons of other things have appeared, and you can get everything at a uniform price-usually under $10.

I repair old stereo equipment and arcade machines, so almost every repair requires fresh electrolyte. During maintenance, I will not use the remedial electrolytic cover. I hope my repair work can outweigh my regrets. The use of 20-year-old thermal stress components from unknown manufacturers is the source of the disaster. If you can't focus on the item of parts shipment for a long time, you should consult your doctor about Adderall (tm).

As for the story of my repair parts-how about this cute turntable using a control switch snatched from a hair dryer?

But the audiophile in me said that these switches will bring a fuzzy sound to your recording.

Not "fuzzy". "Warm" voice.

If you use capacitors, has anyone tried replacing XC capacitors? They are AB-619 units of 16 units in the electronics department.

They are rated at 33,000 volts and have no leakage.

Send the teletypewriter to Pete Knowles of Supreme Equipment, where it will be processed. Free shipping and zero invoices!

If you really like adventure, please try Interociter Kit. Or build a project that meets the needs of every housewife, an interactive device integrated with an electronic sorter!

!

That kind of cultural reference is directed at me!

I have someone made fun of me for saving what I did. These people often come to me.

On another topic, this is a hot tip. Next time you tear something with a motor, take a look at the PCB near the motor connector. Under normal circumstances, you can use the tool of your choice to cut part of the circuit board, and you can use it at any time.

I remember arguing with people in the comments about the benefits of storing physical stores around. So many people seem to think that since we have cheap Internet goods and free shipping, this idea is outdated. Now, Rat Shack has finally disappeared, this is this article!

If you do have a shop with parts nearby... why try to get some parts there from time to time? When you are here, you can enjoy browsing and even chat with the owner. If we all do this, maybe we can actually have good things like e-shops again!

I will tell you... Shopping in the shopping mall Rat Shack is much more fun than watching my wife look at the clothes!

I refuse to subsidize physical stores. I believe that a free market economy is too reasonable to prove this situation. They either compete or die. This is why our system is superior. Our inefficient waste has decreased.

I have no objection to someone buying something from a thrift store to get a part. Hey... at least some of them escaped the landfill. But... throw everything away... find that you need a part... buy something from a thrift store just to get a part... and then write it down...

I hope to mention at least one idea, that is to throw everything away is wrong! Of course, it can be thinner from time to time, but please don't buy the entire device just to get a capacitor, this is daily work! What a waste!

You can buy another device later to provide capacitors for the nibbled device.

It's not really that wasteful. (No, he didn't throw away everything)

First of all, if the equipment is curbstone, recycle bin or trash can... it has already been disposed of. If it has a good reputation, then maybe it is still working and it is worth finding someone else. However, if it is damaged, dirty or incomplete, it may not be used again.

Secondly, when I took things apart, I finished the job: the plastic ended up in a pile, the metal ended up in a pile, and the PC board and wires were piled up again. You can bet that I usually pull out useful things such as hardware and power supplies. These sorted piles are then placed in the most suitable person or clothing, for example, the sorted metal is transferred to a metal recycling station. Therefore, I am performing part of the recycling process.

Finally, if I trouble repairs or plunder other people’s equipment, you can bet that I can also get more use opportunities from buying new products, and I will not throw away good things like most other people do.

If I pre-decompose/sort electronic products before putting them in the county recycle station, they will usually be exempt from the electronic waste surcharge. The circuit board goes directly to the trash can, and the metal goes to the trash can. I have to pay the standard fee for the remaining plastic.

"(No, he didn't throw away everything)"

–According to the article –

"By then, I would usually browse the junk electronic products and computer motherboards I collected, but recently I double-checked and threw away what I remember."

"If it is a kind of goodwill, maybe it is still working, and it's worth finding someone else." However, if it is damaged, dirty or incomplete, it may not be reused. "

–We have read the same article –

"The era of despair requires desperate measures, so I got in the car and drove to the only place I knew I could buy with cheap electronic components: goodwill."

"Therefore, I am performing part of the recycling process."

awesome! For the earth, recycling is usually better than landfilling and using new resources. But this is not perfect. Reuse is better than recycling.

Recycling materials involves transporting them to processing plants, then to factories, and finally back to warehouses, shops, and houses. Your recycled materials may have traveled 100 miles (if not 1,000 miles) before being put back into use. That is a lot of carbon. Moreover, large amounts of energy and/or chemicals are used in processes such as melting and purification. The smoke is released into the atmosphere.

It is almost always a better choice to just sell the goods to locals who plan to take them home and use them instead of recycling them into new things! The only exception is that compared with the newer design, the old product is really not energy efficient. However, to offset all the environmental costs of recycling, the efficiency is much lower.

Again... don't get me wrong. I don't want to be too picky. It's good to occasionally buy goods from thrift stores. In the end, they may not sell all of them. What I responded more to is that there seems to be some movement among "hackers/manufacturers/eaters or others" to stop keeping trash cans, throw away all the waste, and just buy everything. This is really wasteful and bad. This will be a positive way to reduce consumption, which is much more wasteful than always buying new and ready-made things like any other time!

"Throw away all waste"

Again-the guy in the feature article "don't" throw away all his scraps. He just didn't keep the hat he needed later. Follow the link.

No one here, including OP, tells you to stop saving parts and not to reuse/recycle gear responsibly. Quite the opposite.

I like to pick up items for reuse. Two years ago, I used something to build my combat robot. Parts include the wheels of the vacuum cleaner, the pulley of the cordless rig, the pulley of the tape recorder, the nails of the old printer (BTW's great motors, I find them very attractive), the old tent support frame, and even the ball bearings. Interestingly, I got a ball bearing from a large copier and a ball bearing from a children's scooter. They are exactly the same. In retrospect, I should not use the one on the scooter due to wear and tear. Still everything is normal. I was also lucky because I asked for permission to get something from the local introduction site and it was approved. As a result, I collected all kinds of printers, DVD players (I hope one day for the motor of a small drone) and their lasers, photocopiers, and even some music mixing devices with sliders (I I suspect that the electronic equipment is of good quality). Of course, as a beginner in electronic products, building a robot will involve many wrong turns and a lot of money. .But I don’t regret it, because actually building something is a wonderful experience that changes life. Feel free to ask if you need more detailed information about my robot. By the way, I like this website!

I am really surprised how long it will take to order online to ship to the United States. I should visit a friend in California (should be in the future), I need something, and finally I spent 3 days of "express" shipping! If you order before 7pm, you will not be able to carry out standard delivery in most places in the UK the next day (later on Amazon). Something will come that day! When my focus keeps shrinking, I need something...oh, squirrel!

I noticed that Maplin, a stockist in the streets and lanes of the United Kingdom, just renovated my local branch. They have eliminated the component counters and focused on cheap foot RC toys and other consumer waste that I can buy. Haven't tried to ask them for capacitors, I can last a few years now :)

Damn, damn you! Here, I thought at the time that my one-stop service for salvage supply would always meet my salvage needs, and when in order to access my diverse parts cache, my companion would have to go through the local garbage dump for hours. Now that the secret has been revealed, you have ruined it for everyone. thank you very much.

I removed the bulb from the desoldering iron and replaced it with a solder suction cup. It makes FAR a more effective tool.

A large number of parts can be found in Volunteer and Salvation Army stores in the United States. For example, the price of a vcr or am or fm radio is 3 or 4 dollars, which is stupid, you know it does not work. Goods priced at 19.95 will work normally, and there are other goods. They have excellent decomposable items, and you can add them to the inventory of the desired item by purchasing cheap components of many components.

I live within driving distance of SparkFun, and there is a lingering RadioShack about 15 minutes away. Although the power supply of RS is very dim. There is also a miniature center with some passive components.

I started using parts removed from old televisions and stereo equipment found in old appliances and trash bins (this is where you bought such items in the 70s). I built my first project using most of the removed parts. I used all the scavenging parts to make my first audio amplifier. Class A, a horizontal output transistor and a 10 ohm resistor, a large electrolytic capacitor isolates the speaker from DC. in a hurry.

I learned to look at the resistor color code because I have a box full of resistors. I was too impatient to sort them all and put them in labeled boxes or envelopes.

Surface mount parts are difficult to remove. I will still remove ferrite. I just gave a class at OlyMEGA, a local manufacturer's space, and explained how to use all the parts cleared by CFL to make a Joule Thief.

I have cleaned some 20uF ceramic capacitors. Surface mount, but easier to remove due to its size. Otherwise a bit expensive. I'm building something that requires very low ESR power to support high current pulses, so some of the array and some low ESR electrolyte will flow to the PCB near the component. One is to test the saturation flux of the ferrite core. The power supply must not sag, otherwise the reading will be damaged.

If the part is to be sold, all new parts will be used.

Blarsblarson, I am very interested in the removed parts and hardware (because I belong to an antique radio/electronics club and we are always looking for parts, even TV tubes; there are several winemakers among us ) Willing to pay Phoenix-Bruce Thorpe N7MMR

This is great. I really like your equipment. How many do you have?

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When you start watching [learnelectronic’s] a two-part series of articles,

, You may disagree with some of his historical lessons. After all, the origin of broadcasting is a controversial topic. Fortunately, you don't need to know who invented the radio to enjoy it.

The first transmitter uses a fixed oscillator to which AM modulation is applied. Of course, these oscillators are usually not optimized for this service, but they work normally. In the second part, he lowers the frequency to 1 MHz, and then can listen to that frequency on a standard AM radio, and then add an amplifier so that any audio source can modulate the oscillator. The noise is loud, but the sound is obviously there.

This is of course impractical, but it combines

This can be a great weekend project for kids who want to hang up electronics. The idea that some simple parts can send and receive audio is very powerful. If you are ready to design a better product for graduation, we have

.

Scrape the bottom of the bucket.

I must agree... A simple transistor oscillator will have better waveforms, fewer harmonics and higher transmit frequencies. Square waves are wrong for making transmitters, because your energy will be spread over various frequencies that you don’t need or don’t need. These fixed oscillators also have a partial decoupling function, so modulating Vcc is not an excellent way to obtain information through them.

The decoupling capacitor may be 0.1uF ceramic inside the tank. For a 10kHz signal, the impedance of the capacitor cap is 160 ohms. The driver circuit only needs to have a lower impedance to achieve brute force.

It should also be noted that the averaging amplifier will be unstable when driving such a high capacitive load without causing stability issues. However, for OP's target group, the topic is a bit advanced.

I'm afraid I must agree. I couldn't see it in the first few minutes. Talking about the "tank circuit", whether it is RC or LC, there is no other explanation. It shows a graph of a sine wave with axes labeled "palmpalm" and "time". I can't imagine how a person new to broadcasting can gain any useful knowledge from it.

Clark's second law: The only way to find the limit of possibility is to risk exceeding the limit and entering the impossible.

This video is clearly the first step. I might suggest to use a resistor, which should enter a capacitor-isolated parallel diode from the output, and a DC bias current with audio modulation. The high-side modulated RF output of the diode.

Go on. This is the beginning of a hobby and even a career. A very good reference is the ARRL manual.

Electronics should be interesting and discoverable, and I can see it with your enthusiasm. Keep going, and good luck. 73.

Projects designed for children are great, but bands that have the government heavily discuss licensing and approval will weaken their enthusiasm.

Have power limits been specified for such projects? Make sure you minimize interference and reduce the chances of local authorities chasing you?

Keep the power as low as possible to avoid interruptions. However, for unlicensed transmitters, the maximum power of the FCC is 1 watt. look here:

Applies to type approved equipment or equipment with a declaration of conformity similar to that used in Europe. This thing is just an illegal sender.

Just declare it as an experimental clock generator and see if it is below the EMC limit (probably). With this feature, you will not disturb anyone unless you are a HAM operator next door.

Well, you can link to the rules, but obviously you haven't read them yet. For different frequency ranges, the limits are different, but this is not all. At most frequencies, the limit is for the maximum field strength at a given distance from the antenna, so this depends on the power delivered to the antenna and the antenna's gain. Part 15 is very complicated, but it is everyone's responsibility to manufacture the transmitter and intend to operate it without a license to understand any part of the applicable regulations.

It is great to see many learning, experimenting, monitoring, listening, receiving and transmitting. Learnelectronics has some other great videos.

The fourth step of learning from my place of teaching is the last lesson I know... after watching/listening, reading/solving problems, and application/experiment.

We absolutely need to conduct more interception and surveillance on ships, from underground to space...especially if you have not signed a non-disclosure agreement related to signal pollution.

After all, the origin of broadcasting is a controversial topic. Fortunately, you don't need to know who invented the radio to enjoy it. "

Yes, to be sure, I think getting me into the field of broadcasting is a very controversial topic. Wow!

Then, I started to study amateur radio, electronics and RF engineering again, and was amazed at how controversial the topic of RF alone was after the Bachelor of Science degree (such as ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, and considering high and low energy material effect states) …, RF specific effects, thermal effects, non-thermal effects, etc.), and then the history of radio and other physical theories.

Based on the point of view of scientists, the early "practical" and "non-practical" views are interesting.

Novelty magic shop tricks... Most people may not believe what can still be done today, such as "This is impractical", or is still magic as this beautiful young lady said (from 2:49 to 3:12 watch):

I like that this video also records the controversy of the radio reception function:

(Watch at least the first video between 30 and 33 seconds).

The first thing I built about 50 years ago was an AM transmitter. Even if it uses an old carbon fiber phone microphone and uses an AC128 coil to rotate 100 times on a ferrite, it can easily get 100m clear audio. The rod on the tuning cap of the old radio is 365pf hollow. This is not a small joke, but has it ever worked? Everyone said it sounds like a closed radio station, and then we found FM stereo, luckily there is an IC BA ****? This makes spy bugs a reality, they are all built on 9v batteries, they are cheap, with the right antenna, if we are tired of venturing into 27MHz pirate radio, mainly in the United States and Australia, it relies on There is something called "skip". The signal bounce of the ionosphere will fade in and out, but all of us are full of fun and meet new people. We have learned that many of us have converted our rigs into American citizen bands. We Envious of our Yankees teammates’ output power is 5 watts, and in New Zealand, its legal output speed is 1/2 watts, so even under the right conditions it can still work, almost as if not in another country, we All have pirate names, such as SawDoctor, Bones, Frogsticker, and mine is of course Silverdragon. To commemorate any contact we will exchange QSL cards. Do I still have it? A 100-page folder filled with cards from all over the world. I got cards from almost all states in the United States. Usually, radio inspectors will look around for pirates. I have a huge 27MHz ground plane antenna on my roof. How difficult is this? As I grew older, I transitioned to HAM Radio, but for some reason, it was not that interesting, but it was fine there.

In the United States, many CBers don't care about the legal limit of 5W, but run amplifiers to several kilowatts of power (often without proper output filtering). No wonder you hear them all the way to your country! (Just kidding, I understand how skip works.)

The US Federal Regulatory Commission (FCC) seems to have given up tracking and prosecuting all perpetrators, but it is definitely the worst offender. This may be a tricky issue for both ham and CBers. I have never encountered any trouble, whether it's ham or Cber.

What I want to say is that I prefer CB radio when I was 17 years old, but now in my 40s, I prefer ham radio.

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